One trend in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is the development of degradable composite polymers. The aim of this study was the comprehensive analysis of Polylactic acid (PLA) / Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) + Hydroxyapatite (HA)/ Tricalcium phosphate (TCP) material from filament production to mechanical testing of samples with different infills and the production of an implant replacement for an intervertebral disc. Filament Maker – Composer 450 (3devo; Netherlands) was used to produce filaments. Experimental samples and the implant for the intervertebral disc were made using FDM technology using a DeltiQ2 3D printer (Trilab, Czech Republic). Mechanical testing of experimental samples was performed on an Inspekt TABLE 5 kN (Hegewald & Peschke, Nossen, Germany). Microscopic analysis, cytotoxicity test, and filament diameter analysis using descriptive statistics were also part of the focus. The results of the analysis of the diameter of the filament show that the filament meets the prescribed standard. The cytotoxicity test for PLA/PHB + HA/TCP material showed no toxicity. Microscopic analysis showed an even distribution of the ceramic component in the composite polymer. Mechanical testing showed a reduction in mechanical properties with 75% and 50% of the filling of experimental samples. All experimental samples subjected to mechanical testing showed higher tensile and compressive strength values compared to the values of the mechanical properties of vertebral trabecular bones, as reported in the literature. It can therefore be concluded that the material under investigation, PLA/PHB + HA/TCP appears to be a suitable candidate for hard tissue replacement.
Filament production is a demanding process, which we decided to optimize by designing a laminar box in this scientific study. From a number of designs, we decided to choose a purposeful design for the future construction of the laminar box. The production of filaments takes place on a filament maker, which must be placed in a laminar box. The laminar box then provides ideal conditions in the production process, such as the optimum ambient temperature, which according to standards should be in the range of 18 to 19 degrees Celsius. Furthermore, this laminar box is equipped with a thermometer, hygrometer and control unit. All technical specifications are written in this scientific study. The study contains a number of illustrations for a better idea. The laminar box represents a significant contribution to the production and optimization of the conditions for the production of biomedical filaments. His design is unique and follows from the scientific research of the authors of the scientific study.
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