The objective of the study is to understand the relationships between each of the Big Five Personality Traits and the concept of brand evangelism. The hypotheses tested are whether brand evangelism relates to each of the Big 5 Personality Traits consisting of extraversion, openness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and agreeableness. A brand evangelist frequently exhibits a strong desire to influence consumption behavior. The research method of this study was based on the implementation of 528 self-administered questionnaires. The results include descriptive characteristics, Cronbach's alphas, correlations and a multivariate regression model for testing the hypotheses. The results of the overall regression model show significance. Brand evangelism is significantly related to extraversion, openness and neuroticism. Future research is also discussed as understanding these personality traits and what drives individuals with these traits to become brand evangelists can strengthen a company's success with its brand(s).
PurposeThis paper aims to investigate Chinese consumers' international outshopping motives from a culture perspective based on Hofstede's four cultural dimensions.Design/methodology/approachFour international outshopping motives that may affect Chinese consumer's propensity of shopping abroad were empirically investigated based on a sample of 174 Chinese consumers who participated in a mall intercept survey.FindingsThe results suggest that Chinese consumers' perceived expressiveness of using foreign products, perceived reliability of foreign retail service, and perceived enjoyment of shopping abroad have positive and significant impacts on their propensity of shopping abroad. In addition, their perceived morality to support domestic industries does not significantly affect their outshopping behavior, although consumer ethnocentrism was regarded as an issue in China.Practical implicationsOutshoppers from China are increasingly found in the stores and malls in Western countries. The findings offer an insightful call for retailers and distributors in the West to understand how to make effective marketing strategies to target Chinese outshoppers and how to predict their behaviors when the global market gradually opens to Chinese consumers.Originality/valueThe identified motives represent a deeper understanding of Chinese consumers and their cultural environment.
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