Background
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is commonly analyzed in South American camelids with suspected neurologic disease because of ease of collection and characteristic findings associated with certain diseases.
Objectives
To assess CSF findings associated with short‐term survival or non‐survival in South American camelids in which neurologic disease was a differential diagnosis based on history and physical examination.
Animals
Twenty‐one llamas and 33 alpacas that underwent CSF analysis at the University of Missouri Veterinary Health Center.
Methods
Retrospective study. Medical records of camelids that underwent CSF analysis between January 2005 and September 2021 were studied. Short‐term survival was defined as survival to discharge from the Veterinary Health Center. A Fisher's exact test was used to compare species, CSF results, and survival.
Results
Odds of survival were 3.9 times higher in camelids with a total nucleated cell count (TNCC) <3 cells/μL (P = .04). No significant association was found between survival and total protein concentration (TPC; P = .15) or percentage of eosinophils (P = 1.0). No significant correlation was found between species and increased TNCC (P = .63), TPC (P = .55), or percentage of eosinophils (P = .30). Among camelids diagnosed with Paralephostrongylus tenuis infestation, odds of survival were 4.95 times higher in alpacas (P = .05).
Conclusions
Cerebrospinal fluid TNCC ≥3 cells/μL is associated with decreased odds of short‐term survival in South American camelids.
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