PurposeWe examined whether fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) levels are associated with atopy profiles in terms of mono-sensitization and poly-sensitization in asthmatic children.MethodsA total of 119 children underwent an assessment that included FeNO measurements, spirometry, methacholine challenge, and measurement of blood eosinophil count, serum total IgE, and serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP). We also examined sensitization to five classes of aeroallergens (house dust mites, animal danders, pollens, molds, and cockroach) using skin prick testing. The children were divided into three groups according to their sensitization profiles to these aeroallergens (non-sensitized, mono-sensitized, and poly-sensitized).ResultsThe geometric means (range of 1 SD) of FeNO were significantly different between the three groups (non-sensitized, 18.6 ppb [10.0-34.7 ppb]; mono-sensitized, 28.8 ppb [16.6-50.1 ppb]; and poly-sensitized, 44.7 ppb [24.5-81.3 ppb], P=0.001). FeNO levels were correlated with serum total IgE concentrations, peripheral blood eosinophilia, and serum ECP levels to different degrees.ConclusionsFeNO levels vary according to the profile of atopy, as determined by positive skin prick test results to various classes of aeroallergens. FeNO is also moderately correlated with serum total IgE, blood eosinophilia, and serum ECP. These results suggest that poly-sensitized asthmatic children may have the highest risk of airway inflammation.
Sindrom Klinefelter (SK) merupakan kelainan akibat adanya kromosom seks tambahan (47,XXY) yang menyebabkan hipergonadotropik hipogonadisme, dan infertilitas. Penampilan pasien SK hampir tidak berbeda dengan mereka yang berkariotip normal, tanpa gejala klinis yang khas selama masa anak, sehingga diagnosis ditegakkan setelah usia remaja atau dewasa muda. Keterlambatan dalam penegakkan diagnosis dapat menyebabkan hilangnya kesempatan tata laksana untuk memperbaiki hipogonadisme, gangguan kognitif, dan faktor-faktor psikososial. Dilaporkan kasus anak laki-laki 13 tahun dengan keluhan ginekomastia. Pada pemeriksaan fisis ditemukan bentuk tubuh eunokoid, volume testis yang kecil dan teraba keras. Pemeriksaan laboratorium menunjukkan peningkatan kadar LH dan FSH, dengan kadar testosteron yang masih dalam rentang normal. Diagnosis SK ditegakkan melalui pemeriksaan analisis kromosom dengan hasil 47, XXY.
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