A three-pot synthesis oriented for an undergraduate organic chemistry laboratory was developed to construct a fluorescent acridone molecule. This laboratory experiment utilizes Grignard addition to an aldehyde, alcohol oxidation, and iterative nucleophilic aromatic substitution steps to produce the final product. Each of the intermediates and the acridone product of the synthesis are analyzed by common techniques available in most undergraduate chemistry laboratories, such as melting point, TLC, IR spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Yields for each transformation in the synthesis are generally moderately low to good (20–90%) and nearly all of the students (>90%) who attempted the synthesis were able to produce the final acridone product.
This man was born at Leipsic, in 1694, and finally attained the height of eight feet. He travelled through Europe, being exhibited as a giant. He went to England in 1733, where he attracted attention by his great size, his enormous head and face, and his fantastic attire. His hand measured a foot, and his finger nine inches. He died in London, in 1734, aged 40.
Nicholas Gabrine de Eienzi was a native of Rome, and son of one of the lowest order of tavernkeepers. He was, however, well educated, and early distinguished himself by his talents and the elevation of his sentiments. The glory of ancient Rome excited his enthusiasm, and he soon came to be regarded by the people as destined to rescue them from the despotism of the aristocracy that ruled the city.The pope, Clement VI., had removed the papal see from Rome to Avignon, in France, leaving the people under the sway of certain noble families, who exercised every species of brutal and insolent tyranny towards their inferiors. Rienzi saw this, and he felt all the indignation which a generous sympathy for the oppressed could excite. His sentiments being known, he was appointed, in 1346, among others, to proceed to Avignon, and exhort the pope to bring back the papal court to its original seat. He acted, on this occasion, with so much energy and eloquence, that the pope, though he refused compliance with the request, conferred upon him the office of apostolic notary, which, on his return, he executed with the strictest probity.
Introduction-Man an Immortal and MoralBeing.-By investigating the works of nature, we find that everything seems adapted to fulfil the design of the Creator. The bird is made to fly through the air, and accordingly it has wings, admirably contrived for the purpose. The fish is made to live in the water, and accordingly it has fins, and all the other contrivances suited to its destination.We perceive the same adaptation and provision throughout the whole range of nature; and how is it with man ? He is a being of a higher order, and is of course made for a higher destiny. He has a mind, which is a thinking power. Man not only eats, drinks, sleeps and feels, as animals do, but he brings many ideas together, and reasons upon them, as animals do not* This reasoning part of man is evidently the principal part of his nature, for the body is but little more than the instrument of the mind. Man, then, is an intellectual being, as the bird is a flying one, or the fish a swimming one; and as we see that these are supplied with everything necessary to the ends they * There is no doubt that animals reason to some extent, but reason is not the leading, controlling faculty as in man.
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