International scientific experts in food, nutrition, dietetics, endocrinology, physical activity, paediatrics, nursing, toxicology and public health met in Lisbon on 2–4 July 2017 to develop a Consensus on the use of low- and no-calorie sweeteners (LNCS) as substitutes for sugars and other caloric sweeteners. LNCS are food additives that are broadly used as sugar substitutes to sweeten foods and beverages with the addition of fewer or no calories. They are also used in medicines, health-care products, such as toothpaste, and food supplements. The goal of this Consensus was to provide a useful, evidence-based, point of reference to assist in efforts to reduce free sugars consumption in line with current international public health recommendations. Participating experts in the Lisbon Consensus analysed and evaluated the evidence in relation to the role of LNCS in food safety, their regulation and the nutritional and dietary aspects of their use in foods and beverages. The conclusions of this Consensus were: (1) LNCS are some of the most extensively evaluated dietary constituents, and their safety has been reviewed and confirmed by regulatory bodies globally including the World Health Organisation, the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Food Safety Authority; (2) Consumer education, which is based on the most robust scientific evidence and regulatory processes, on the use of products containing LNCS should be strengthened in a comprehensive and objective way; (3) The use of LNCS in weight reduction programmes that involve replacing caloric sweeteners with LNCS in the context of structured diet plans may favour sustainable weight reduction. Furthermore, their use in diabetes management programmes may contribute to a better glycaemic control in patients, albeit with modest results. LNCS also provide dental health benefits when used in place of free sugars; (4) It is proposed that foods and beverages with LNCS could be included in dietary guidelines as alternative options to products sweetened with free sugars; (5) Continued education of health professionals is required, since they are a key source of information on issues related to food and health for both the general population and patients. With this in mind, the publication of position statements and consensus documents in the academic literature are extremely desirable.
Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) continues to be the most common single nutrient deficiency in the world. An estimated 20-25% of the world’s infants have IDA, with at least as many having iron deficiency without anemia. Infants are at particular risk due to rapid growth and limited dietary sources of iron. We found that infants with IDA showed different motor activity patterning in all sleep-waking states and several differences in sleep states organization. Sleep alterations were still apparent years after correction of anemia with iron treatment in the absence of subsequent IDA. We suggest that altered sleep patterns may represent an underlying mechanism that interferes with optimal brain functioning during sleep and wakefulness in former IDA children.
Lifestyles, body mass index and sleep patterns among university students Background: Health surveys in Chile show a worrisome high prevalence of unhealthy lifestyles among adults. Aim: To characterize the nutritional status, food intake and sleep patterns in university students of both genders. Material and Methods: Cross sectional study in seven Chilean universities. Students from six universities answered a feeding habits survey,
Background Part of having healthy lifestyles should be a regular practice of physical activities. Aim To evaluate the association between the practice of physical activity and healthy lifestyles in older people. Material and Methods The Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile survey was applied to 1688 older people living in the community, aged 72 ± 7 years (61% women). This survey includes questions about regular physical activity. Results Twenty four percent of surveyed participants declared to practice physical activities at least three times per week, without gender differences. Sedentariness increased along with age. There was a negative association between low physical activity and healthy lifestyles (odds ratio (OR): 3.2 confidence intervals (CI): 2.3-4.5). There was also an association between sedentariness and low self-realization (OR 2.4 CI: 1.8-3.3), low responsibility with health (OR 1.6 CI: 1.22.1), low concern about nutrition (OR 1.8 CI: 1.4-2.4), low stress management (OR 2.0 CI: 1.5-2.7) and low interpersonal support (OR 2.0 CI: 1.5-2.6). Conclusions Sedentariness is negatively associated with health promoting lifestyles in this group of older people.
Sleep deprivation as a risk factor for obesityuchile.cl L a obesidad (OB) es un problema relevante de salud pública en todos los grupos etáreos y una epidemia en todo el mundo 1 . En la población infantil, su prevalencia y severidad continúa en aumento, al igual que sus comorbilidades, en particular, las secuelas que involucran los sistemas nervioso central, cardiovascular y metabóli-co 2,3 . Su prevención resulta un problema urgente, siendo las estrategias alimentario-nutricional y/o de actividad física los principales focos abordados para dicho propósito. Sin embargo, análisis recientes de intervenciones en dichos factores indican éxito principalmente a corto plazo 4,5 . En este contexto, diversos estudios respaldan la hipótesis que sostiene que la cantidad y calidad del sueño nocturno serían factores relevantes relacionados con la OB 6,7 . Actualmente, la población de países industrializados ha disminuido su cantidad de sueño nocturno 8 . Datos estadounidenses muestran que los adultos han reducido entre 1 y 2 horas su cantidad de sueño y más de un tercio de los adultos jóvenes refi eren dormir < 7 horas 8 , fenómeno igualmente reportado en niños y adolescentes 9,10 . Lo anterior es relevante, pues diversos estudios han indicado que la disminución de la cantidad de sueño nocturno sería un factor de riesgo para ganancia de peso y desarrollo de OB en adultos y niños 11,12 . La presente revisión pretende resumir la evidencia epidemiológica y experimental que respalda el rol del sueño en la OB, con especial énfasis en los mecanismos en los que se sustenta la evidencia actual. La epidemia de obesidadLa OB es una patología compleja, resultante de la interacción de factores genéticos y ambientales 13 . Reconocida como una epidemia mundial por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), afecta
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