Request Permissions : Click here Downloaded from http://journals.cambridge.org/ORX, IP address: 171.67.34.205 on 23 Sep 2012 Density of the Near Threatened jaguar Panthera onca in the caatinga of north-eastern Brazil L e a n d r o S i l v e i r a , A n a h T . A . J Á c o m o , S a m u e l A s t e t e , R a h e l S o l l m a n n N a t Á l i a M . T Ô R R E S , M a r i a n a M . F u r t a d o and J a d e r M a r i n h o -F i l h o Abstract We report the first estimate of jaguar density in the semi-arid caatinga biome of north-eastern Brazil. During

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Nineteen free-ranging maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus) were captured in central Brazil from April through November 2003. Oral cavity examination revealed 34 teeth with crown trauma in twelve animals. Canine teeth were most commonly affected (44.2%), followed by premolar (29.4%) and incisor teeth (26.5%). Trauma to maxillary teeth (67.7%) was more frequent compared with mandibular teeth (32.3 %). The majority of dental fractures were located at the cuspid portion of the crown (56.0%). Slab fractures were the most frequent type (37.0%), followed by horizontal (24.0%), oblique (24.0%) and longitudinal fractures (15.0%). Complicated crown fracture (pulp exposure) was diagnosed in 13 (38.2%) of these teeth while pulpitis noted by tooth discoloration was diagnosed in 8 (23.5%) teeth.

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Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal‐central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation‐related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data.

PENIDO, G., ASTETE, S., FURTADO, M.M., JÁCOMO, A.T.A., SOLLMANN, R., TORRES, N., SILVEIRA, L., MARINHO FILHO, J. Density of ocelots in a semiarid environment in northeastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica. 16(4): e20160168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2016-0168Abstract: Ocelots play a key role in ecological communities as mesopredators affecting the lower trophic level and other mesopredators. They show great variability in ecological traits across their distribution, but knowledge of this species is missing in several regions where it occurs. Here, we present the first study of ocelot in the Brazilian semiarid of Caatinga. Arid habitats might keep carnivore population density low and therefore vulnerable to environmental shocks and to human-induced changes, at risk of local extinction. To assess their population status, we used camera traps between September 2009 and January 2010. We estimated the density of ocelots using a spatially explicit capture-recapture method (SECR) to be 3.16 ± 0.46 individuals per 100 km 2 . This is a low-density estimate for ocelots, which might reflect the harsh conditions of the arid habitat. A longer population study of the ocelot can answer if this low population density is enough for a long-term persistence of this species in this and other arid environments.Keywords: Arid environments, Brazil, Density, Ocelot, SECR. Densidade da jaguatirica em um ambiente semiárido no nordeste do BrasilResumo: Jaguatiricas possuem um papel fundamental em comunidades ecológicas como mesopredadores, afetando níveis tróficos inferiores e também outros mesopredadores. Esta espécie possui uma grande variabilidade em suas características ecológicas em toda a sua distribuição, no entanto, o conhecimento desta espécie possui lacunas em vários locais onde ela ocorre. Neste trabalho, nós apresentamos o primeiro estudo desta espécie no semiárido brasileiro da Caatinga. Ambientes áridos podem afetar negativamente as espécies carnívoras e, aliado a alterações antrópicas, esta espécie pode ser levada a extinção local se sua densidade populacional é baixa. Portanto, para verificar o nível populacional da jaguatirica em uma região protegida da Caatinga, instalamos armadilhas fotográficas, entre setembro de 2009 e janeiro de 2010. Com os dados obtidos, calculamos a densidade desta espécie através de métodos espacialmente explícitos (SECR). A densidade estimada da jaguatirica foi de 3.16 ± 0.46 indivíduos por 100 km 2 . Esta estimativa é muito baixa para esta espécie, o que pode ser um reflexo das condições áridas deste ambiente. Um estudo populacional de maior duração pode ajudar a responder se esta baixa densidade é o suficiente para a persistência desta espécie a longo prazo tanto neste, quanto em outros ambientes áridos onde ela ocorre. Palavras-chave:Ambientes áridos, Brasil, Densidade, Jaguatirica, SECR. Penido, G. et al. 2

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non‐detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non‐governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer‐reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non‐detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio‐temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large‐scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data.