Autism or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a human psychiatric disorder characterized by abnormal social interaction and communication with restricted repetitive behaviors. This disorder is most often accompanied by anxiety and depression. Medicinal plants have an inexhaustible potential of bioactive molecules. Salvia spp. has an essential oil with psychotropic effects. The aim of our study was to evaluate the anxiolytic and anti-depressant properties of Salvia spp. essential oil on rat model of ASD. Social interaction (SIT), elevated plus maze (EPM) and forced swim (FS) tests methods were used respectively to assess autistic, anxiety and depression status of rats. Rats with ASD spent less time in the cage containing the control rat or the new rat and more time in the empty cage in SIT compared to normal rats. Salvia spp. (3%) essential oil has anxiolytic effect by decreasing the anxiety state created by valproic acid by increasing the 20/Bulletin of Integrative Psychiatry New Series March 2020 Year XXVI No. 1 (84) number and time spent in the open arms (1.75±0.25; P = 0.009, F = 11.55) of the apparatus. Salvia essential oil had an antidepressant effect on VPA 500 rats with severe depression (P=0.00078, F=16.233). This oil has significantly reduced the immobility time in forced swims. This study confirmed once again the pharmacological effect of the essential oil of Salvia genus plants on the one hand and their psychotropic potential exploited in traditional medicine on the other.
Many plants are largely used in alternative medicine of Burkina Faso for neuropsychiatric disorders treatment. However, their neuro-pharmacological properties are less evaluated through scientific studies. The present study aims to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of Calotropis procera leaves and root-bark aqueous extract, focusing on a scopolamine-induced model of epilepsy in rodents. In this study, we evaluated this plant extracts possible protective effects on the central nervous system, through the behavioral tests and the enzymes activity assays. Thus, elevated plus-maze test and Y-maze task were used to evaluate animals behavioral and UV/visible spectrophotometer methods were used to evaluate the enzyme’s activities in brain’s supernatant. Our results are showing no significant protective effects of leaves extract, but it revealed a significant neuroprotective effect of root-bark aqueous extract, as well as in the behavioral tests and the brain’s oxidative enzymes specific activity evaluation. Indeed, anti-amnesic and anxiolytic activities were observed through Y maze task and elevated plus maze tests for the groups of animals receiving root-bark extract (100 mg/kg b.w.). In these test, inhibition of disturbances of Time spent in Open Arms, Spontaneous Alternation, and Transfer Latency induced after scopolamine administration were recorded with animals received root-bark extract. Likewise, the superoxide dismutase and catalase activity disturbance induced by scopolamine were also inhibited in root-bark extract pre-administered group. Thus, our study provides biochemical and neuro-pharmacological data for traditional use of C. procera for neuropsychiatric disorders treatment, including scopolamine-induced epilepsy symptoms (mainly referring to the psychiatric comorbidities of this disorder).
Autism or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a human neuropsychiatric disorder with social and communication difficulties. Medicinal plants have a diversified and inexhaustible therapeutic potential. The aim of this study was to evaluate potentials of Salvia spp. essential oils on rat model of ASD memories. Social interaction test was used to confirm that rats treated with valproic acid have produced rats with autism spectrum disorder. Y-maze task and Radial arm-maze task were used to evaluate the effects of salvia spp. essential oils on rat with ASD memory. The most time spent by the rat in the empty box (25.33 ± 8.55 s) and the least time (58.53±6.07 s) spent with the new rat by the test rat compared to the control rat, showed that valproic acid had an effect on pregnant rats who gave pups with ASD. The percentage of spontaneous alternation increasing in Y-maze for rats with ASD treated with Salvia spp. essential oil (79.27+ 3.08%; P = 0.03, F=6.29) compared to control rats and rats treated only with valproic acid showed that Salvia spp. essential oil significantly improved short-term memory in rats and corrected rat learning memory. This research showed that Salvia plant extracts have shown in vivo pharmacological properties and have proven the merits of various traditional uses of these plants in psychiatric disorders. 18/Bulletin of Integrative Psychiatry New Series December 2019 Year XXV No. 4 (83)
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