ABSTRACT-Background:Plant Cassia tora has been used in traditional and modern medicines for different pharmacological activities. Objectives: The present investigation has been taken to observe and evaluate effects of Cassia tora on the reproduction functions of male rats in search a safe, orally effective and reversible fertility regulating agent. Materials and Methods: Fifty percent ethanolic extract of Cassia tora was prepared and administered orally in male Wistar rats at the doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg.b.wt./rat/day dose levels respectively for a period of 60 days and some of the treated rats were kept 30 days for recovery of fertility to assessed reversibility effects. Hematological indices, serum clinical investigations were also performed to assess toxic effects if any caused in rats by treatment. Proteins, cholesterol, glycogen, ascorbic acid, sialic acid and fructose level were analyzed in rats. Serum FSH, LH and Testosterone levels were measure. Rats were castrated to evaluate effects on reproductive functions of hormones and mode of action of the Cassia tora treatment. For histopathological observations tissues were fixed in Bouin's fluid, dehydrated, sectioned and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. Results: Treatment of Cassia tora significantly reduced the weights of testes and accessory sex organs. Sperm density and motility were declined high significantly. Levels of Testosterone and FSH hormone were significantly decreased in rats. The protein, sialic acid, fructose, ascorbic acid and glycogen contents of reproductive accessory sex organs were decreased significantly. Germinal epithelium of testes degenerated and number of spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa in lumen of seminiferous tubules reduced. Conclusions:The decreased testes and accessory sex organs weights, sperm motility, density and testosterone level in rats might be due to androgen suppression effects of Cassia tora treatment cause inhibition of spermatogenesis resulted reduction of fertility in treated male rats.
Osteoporosis is a common public health problem affecting one in four women or one in eight men older than 50 years. The aim of the study was to categorize the percentage of women who are having normal BMD, osteoporosis and osteoporotic and to evaluate the relation between anthropometric profile, calcium intake (dietary and supplemental) and life style pattern with BMD. An observational study of 50 post-menopausal women was carried out using an interview schedule to collect information regarding diet, lifestyle and anthropometry. DEXA scan reports of the AP Lumbar spine (L1-L2), femoral neck left and femoral neck right sites were used to assess bone health. ANOVA and Pearson chi-square test were used and correlation was considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. The percentage of women with normal BMD, osteopenia and osteoporosis were 39.6%, 49.6% and 10.8% respectively. Higher percentage of Women with low BMI were osteoporotic. There was a significant positive correlation between BMD and frequency of intake of calcium rich foods (green gram dal, ragi, coconut dry, gingelly seed and milk) and a negative correlation of BMD with coffee intake. There was a positive correlation between the intake of calcium supplement and BMD of femoral neck left. In the present study it was observed that intake of calcium rich food and calcium supplement can have a positive effect on BMD of post-menopausal women. On the other hand lower BMI and coffee intake may have negative effects on BMD. Thus, dietary and life style patterns of post-menopausal women may significantly influence BMD.
Background: Practice of artificially altering the rate of growth of human population control has been implemented by limiting the population's birth rate by contraception. The use of Cassia tora plant products for fertility regulation reveals no side effects, therefore to explore the mode of action on androgen of the plant Cassia tora ethanolic extract was administered orally in castrated male wistar rats to develop a cheap, safe, easily administrable, orally effective and reversible fertility regulation for male. Methods: The control animals (Group A) were treated with sterile distilled water. The animals were subjected to no treatment following their castration for 30 days served as castrated controls (Group B). The seed and stem extracts of the plant, Cassia tora was administered orally to castrated rats (Group C) and testosterone propionate was injected either alone (Group D) or in combination with Cassia tora extract (Group E) to castrated rats. Blood parameters, serum clinical investigations and tissue biochemistry, body and organ weights and level of FSH, LH and testosterone were assessed in all groups. Results: After the treatment of Cassia tora in castrated rats hormone assay reveals anti-androgenic effect of the drug. Conclusion: The results revealed that oral administration of Cassia tora affected male fertility by anti-spermatogenic and anti-androgenic action. The decreased weight of accessory sex organs is suggestive of insufficient androgen levels after the extract treatment. Decreased levels of protein, sialic acid and fructose levels support declined production of testosterone level with the Cassia tora extract treatment in rats.
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