We have found that serum anti-HSP27 antibody titers are related to several cardiovascular risk factors, necessitating further studies on the value of this emerging marker for risk stratification.

Introduction There is growing support to develop transdiagnostic approaches that provide new insights into mental health problems and cut across the existing traditional diagnostic boundaries all over the world. The present study was conducted to test the transdiagnostic cognitive behavioral therapy (TCBT) approach in treating patients with common mental health problems and evaluate its effectiveness compared to the current treatment settings of the healthcare system. Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted in Semnan Province, north of Iran. The study took pace in urban health centers. A sample of 520 Iranian adults, tested as positive on the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, were enrolled. Participants who received a score above the cut‐off point in any of the three mental health disorders (depression, anxiety, or obsessive compulsive disorder [OCD]) based on the locally validated study instrument were randomly allocated to the study. The intervention group received TCBT during eight sessions provided by trained general health service providers without previous mental health training; the standby control group received Mental Health Services as Usual (MHSU). The post‐test interviews were conducted using the study instrument after the completion of both group treatments. Results A total of 459 individuals (87.8% female) ultimately entered the study. The withdrawal rate was 24% (53 participants in the TCBT and 56 in the MHSU). Reduction in depression, anxiety, and OCD symptoms was significant within each group and when comparing TCBT and MHSU (mean difference). Conclusion This trial recommends that the transdiagnostic CBT approach can be effective in improving common mental health problems and functions among individuals by trained general healthcare providers in the primary healthcare system. The results can be more useful in decision making when defining the process of providing mental healthcare in the National Primary Healthcare System.

What gives a scientific framework a place among laypeople? Can cognitive science change human livelihood? How can cognitive science research extend beyond the bounds of its own field to change academia and society? These are precisely the kinds of questions the 2022 Workshop on “Challenges in 4E Cognition and the Opportunities They Present” sought to address. The workshop gathered an interdisciplinary cohort of researchers from philosophy, psychology, cognitive science, neuroscience, and artificial intelligence to discuss the future of 4E (embodied, embedded, enacted, and extended) cognition research in and outside of Japan. The aim was to identify the most prominent fields in which 4E research is taking place, such as 4E in relation to artificial life, human–computer interfaces, and phenomenology. We strived to articulate the most important open questions in these fields, and understand how adopting a 4E perspective may yield unique ways of answering them, as well as novel avenues of long-term interdisciplinary collaboration. We then discussed how the 4E framework may embed itself as a point of connection between the social and biological sciences, and bridge the gap between academia, medicine, and policymaking, to inform how humans conduct research, think about ourselves, and live life. In this report, we summarize the topics of discussion, the insights garnered, and the practical methods used to ignite discussions and collaborations amongst the researchers in attendance, as a model for future workshops with similar aims.

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