Daunorubicin is a famous anthracycline
anticancer chemotherapy
drug with many side effects that is very important to measure in biological
samples. A daunorubicin electrochemical biosensor was fabricated in
this study using ds-DNA as the biorecognition element and glassy carbon
electrode (GCE) amplified by Pt/SWCNTs as a sensor. The synthetization
of Pt/SWCNTs was done by the polyol method, and their characterization
was accomplished via XRD, EDS, and TEM methods. The results showed
a diameter of about 5.0 nm for the Pt nanoparticle decorated at the
surface of SWCNTs. The morphological and conductivity properties of
Pt/SWCNTs/GCE were investigated by EIS and AFM methods, and the results
confirmed that Pt/SWCNTs/GCE had a high surface area and high conductivity.
ds-DNA/Pt/SWCNTs/GCE showed an oxidation signal relative to that of
the guanine base at the potential of 847 mV and a positive shift after
interaction with the daunorubicin anticancer drug. This point confirms
the intercalation reaction between the guanine base in the ds-DNA
structure and the drug that could be used as an analytical factor
for the determination of daunorubicin. Furthermore, molecular docking
study is used to predict the interaction site of daunorubicin with
DNA. It is found that daunorubicin interacts with guanine bases of
DNA via an intercalative mode. Kinetic investigation showed an association
equilibrium constant (K
a) of about 5.044
× 103 M–1 between ds-DNA and daunorubicin.
The differential pulse voltammetric results showed a linear dynamic
range of 4.0 nM to 250.0 μM with a detection limit of 1.0 nM
for determination of daunorubicin on the surface of ds-DNA/Pt/SWCNTs/GCE.
Finally, ds-DNA/Pt/SWCNTs/GCE was successfully used for the determination
of daunorubicin in injection samples with a recovery range of 98.27–10313%.
New dendritic silica/titania mesoporous nanoparticles (DSTNs) loaded with curcumin (CUR) were synthesized and coated with polyethylenimine-folic acid groups (PEI-FA) for an ultrasound (US)-triggered drug release and combined chemo-sonodynamic therapy. The PEI-FA groups play a gatekeeper role, strongly encapsulate the CUR molecules inside the nanocarrier, and prevent the unwanted premature release by blocking the mesoporous channels. The results showed that the specific cancer cell uptake is improved by FA groups on the surfaces of DSTNs via receptor-mediated endocytosis. The TiO 2 layer as a sonosensitizer agent coated on the mesoporous silica nanoparticles generates reactive oxygen species. Following the US irradiation, the PEI molecules were cut off by free radicals, including OH • and O 2 − , on the exterior surface of DSTNs, and the CUR loaded in the nanocarrier was then released into the cancer cell cytosol.
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