We apply modern ideas‐oriented growth accounting, based on the semi‐endogenous growth theory of Jones (2002), to compare the sources of Canadian and US economic growth between 1981–2014. This framework allows us to distinguish between transition dynamics and steady state growth as well as quantify their respective contributions. We find that the bulk of the 1.1 percentage points total average Canadian growth rate of output per hour has been due to transitional factors, mainly capital intensity and domestic human capital growth driven by educational attainment. The growth in excess ideas (total ideas growth minus steady state growth) has contributed a small share of 0.06 percentage points. Two features stand out in comparison to the US growth experience over the same period. First, over a full percentage point of the average US growth of 1.64% is due to excess ideas growth. Second, the “constant growth view” that reconciles large sources of transitional growth with relatively stable average growth is not supported in Canada. We estimate a relatively low elasticity of output with respect to world research effort as the reason behind the small share of R&D‐oriented sources of Canadian growth.
This paper examines the impact of stay-at-home policies on people's health behaviours towards weight gain and probable obesity attributable to imposing the order. Using Google Trends data, we investigate whether the lockdowns that were implemented in the U.S. led to changes in weight-gain-related online search behaviours. To probe the causal link between lockdown policies and changes in weight-gainrelated topics, we employ the differences-indifferences method and regression discontinuity design and we find a significant increase in the search intensity for workout and weight loss, while the search intensity for fitness, nutrition and fast food appears to have declined. Our results from using event study regression suggest that changes in health behaviours began weeks before lockdown orders were implemented contemporaneously with emergency declarations and other partial closures about COVID-19. The findings suggest that people's health-related behaviours regarding weight gain were affected by the lockdowns.
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries, including the U.S., adopted intervention policies aimed at averting the spread. However, these policies may have led to significant changes in public health behaviors. We use Google search queries to examine how state government actions are associated with people’s internet searches (internet browsing habits) related to health behaviors. We employ the differences-in-differences method to determine the link between disease outbreak, associated intervention policies, and changes in health behavior related searches. Our findings show that school closures, restaurant restrictions, and stay-at-home orders lead to a significant rise in searches for workout, physical activity, exercise, takeout, liquor, and wine. Moreover, people’s concerns regarding weight loss, diet, nutrition, restaurant, and fast food substantially decline following stay-at-home orders. Our event-study results indicate that changes in health behaviors began weeks before stay-at-home orders were implemented contemporaneously with emergency declarations and other partial closures. These findings suggest that people’s health behaviors are notably affected by state government’s intervention policies.
The present study aims to propose a multi-objective mixed integer mathematical programming model for designing a relief items distribution network in sustainable disaster relief logistics. The first objective function minimizes the total network costs. Which are divided into two parts: 1relief costs including (transportation costs, inventory costs and fixed costs of facilities) 2-social costs (deprivation cost). The second objective function minimizes the amount of pollution generated by the network. Considering the related literature review, this is the first study that to propose a robust fuzzy optimization approach for relief items distribution network design problem considering environmental (CO 2 emission), social (deprivation cost) and economic impacts under reliability and uncertainty. Then, the multi-objective model was solved using the multi-choice goal programming. To indicate the validity of the proposed model, a case study was evaluated based on real data (2019 flood in Sari city, Mazandaran Province). Using the proposed model, decision-makers and managers are able to make strategic and tactical decisions with the least cost and time, and in relief planning can enhance the structure of distribution networks and inventory and reduce victims' dissatisfaction.
This thesis includes three essays on empirical macroeconomics. The first chapter applies modern ideas-oriented growth accounting, based on the semi-endogenous growth theory of Jones (2002), to compare the sources of Canadian and U.S. economic growth between 1981-2014. Two features stand out in comparison to the U.S. growth experience over the same period. First, over a full percentage point of the average U.S. growth of 1.64 percent is due to excess ideas growth. Second, the constant growth view' that reconciles large sources of transitional growth with relatively stable average growth is not supported in Canada. The second chapter of this thesis examines the empirical link between movements in interest rates and capacity utilization, using 2SLS fixed effects estimations in a panel setting of 21 U.S. manufacturing industries between 1975-2011. The study arrives at three main findings: (a) In most industries a cut in the interest rate does not simultaneously stimulate capacity utilization; (b) in contrast to previous studies, the results do not show evidence that durable-goods industries are more sensitive to interest rate changes than other industries are; and (c) in many industries, the interest rate and capacity utilization move in the same direction. This suggests that First and foremost, I would like to express my special appreciation and gratitude to my advisor, Professor Hashmat Khan, who has been a tremendous mentor for me. He has supported and encouraged me with his knowledge and patience. He has been a true professional. The work presented in this thesis would not have been possible without his advice and support. I would also like to thank my committee members, Professors Stanely Winer,
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