V raziskavi je predstavljen postopek določitve optimalne koncentracije apreturnih sredstev za pripravo večfunkcionalne vodo-in oljeodbojne ter ognjevarne apreture na bombažni tkanini po tehnologiji sol-gel. Uporabljena je bila kombinacija dveh apreturnih sredstev, in sicer sol-gel prekurzor, modifi ciran fl uoroalkil siloksan (FAS) z vodo-in oljeodbojnimi lastnostmi in organofosfonat (OP) z ognjevarnimi lastnostmi v kombinaciji z melaminskim zamreževalom in fosforjevo (V) kislino kot katalizatorjem. Sredstvo FAS je bilo uporabljeno v koncentracijskem območju od 25 do 150 g/l, sredstvo OP pa od 100 do 400 g/l. Večfunkcionalna apretura je bila nanesena po enostopenjskem impregnirnem postopku pri ustreznih pogojih. Primerjalno sta bili naneseni tudi enokomponentni apreturi FAS in OP pri enakih koncentracijah. Funkcionalne lastnosti apreture so bile določene na podlagi meritev oljeodbojnosti s statično metodo z uporabo homologne vrste alkanov in ognjevarnosti z vertikalnim testom gorenja. Iz rezultatov je razvidno, da se z naraščajočo koncentracijo sredstva FAS v mešanici bistveno ne zmanjša ognjevarna učinkovitost sredstva OP. V nasprotju s tem pa se pri najvišjih uporabljenih koncentracijah sredstva OP močno zmanjša oljeodbojnost sredstva FAS. Na podlagi rezultatov sta bili določeni optimalni koncentraciji sredstev FAS in OP v mešanici, ki sta med vsemi vzorci na tkanini delovali vzajemno ter zagotovili najvišjo oljeodbojnost in ognjevarnost. Na tem vzorcu tkanine sta bili na podlagi meritev statičnih stičnih kotov vode in kotov zdrsa vode doseženi tudi supervodoodbojnost in samočistilnost, kar je še dodatno povečalo funkcionalnost apreture. Ključne besede: bombaž, vodo-in oljeodbojnost, ognjevarnost, tehnologija sol-gel, mešanica sredstev, vzajemno delovanje, večfunkcionalna apretura
Interface phenomena that occur at the solid–liquid interface, such as wettability, adsorption, and particle aggregation, depend on the kind and magnitude of the solid surface free energy and electrokinetic properties found in water solutions. These phenomena are crucial for textile dyeing, finishing, and care. They characterize the material surface and change with different material pretreatment and finishing. In this paper, electrokinetic potential, isoelectric point, point of zero charge, a specific amount of surface charge and surface free energy of raw, enzymatically scoured, bleached, and finished cotton fabrics were investigated. Electrokinetic potential was measured by a streaming potential method and a specific quantity of surface charge by the back-titration method. For determination of the solid surface free energy components, the thin-layer wicking and contact-angle methods were used. On the basis of these results, components of solid surface free energy were calculated and discussed.
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