<p>Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar a vulnerabilidade natural dos aquíferos à contaminação na região do Quadrilátero Ferrífero (QF), Minas Gerais e mostrar sua relação com as atividades de mineração de ouro. As minas de ouro ocorrem associadas ao Supergrupo Rio das Velhas em sua paragênese clássica de sulfetos. Foi aplicado o método GOD utilizando Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIG) considerando os seguintes parâmetros inerentes ao método: Tipologia do aquífero; Litologia; Profundidade do lençol freático ou nível d’água. A análise do mapa de vulnerabilidade gerado e sua correlação com a localização das minas de ouro permite afirmar que, embora a atividade de extração mineral tenha sido e ainda é significativa na região, os aquíferos apresentam baixa vulnerabilidade natural à contaminação. As áreas mais vulneráveis se encontram ao longo das serras onde atualmente se desenvolve, de forma expressiva, extração de minério de ferro. Em relação à localização das minas de ouro, a análise do mapa permite verificar que nas proximidades dessas minas a vulnerabilidade natural é baixa, o que diminui o risco de contaminação por drenagem ácida. A atividade minerária no Quadrilátero Ferrífero exercida desde os fins do século XVII representa uma fonte contínua de contaminação potencial sendo necessário o monitoramento da qualidade das águas subterrâneas e superficiais em longo prazo.</p><p><strong>Palavras–chave:</strong> mineração; água subterrânea; método GOD; geoprocessamento.</p><p><strong>Abstract </strong></p><p>This study aimed to analyze the natural vulnerability of aquifers to contamination in the region of the Iron Quadrangle (QF), Minas Gerais and show its relation to gold mining activities. Gold mines occur associated with the Rio das Velhas Supergroup in his classic paragenesis sulphides. GOD method was applied using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) considering the following parameters inherent in the method: Type aquifer; Lithology; Depth of the groundwater or water level. The analysis of the generated vulnerability map and its correlation with the location of the gold mines to suggest that, although the mining activity has been and is still significant in the region, aquifers have low natural vulnerability to contamination. The most vulnerable areas are along the mountains where he currently develops, significantly, iron ore extraction. Regarding the location of the gold mines, the map analysis shows that near these mines the natural vulnerability is low, which reduces the risk of contamination by acid mine drainage. The mining activity in the Iron Quadrangle exercised since the end of the seventeenth century represents a continuous source of potential contamination being necessary to monitor the quality of groundwater and surface water in the long term.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: mining; Groundwater; GOD method; GIS.</p>
Coral reefs suffer many threats, including coral bleaching, which occurs mainly in response to environmental variables such as positive temperature anomalies. However, there is a need to explore potential synergies between environmental and anthropogenic variables. The objective of this work is to use multi-criteria analysis to explore associations between environmental and anthropogenic variables in order to estimate in a spatially explicit way the susceptibility of the different Abrolhos reefs in Bahia, Brazil, to coral bleaching. Our results show that from 2001 to 2016 there was a sharp increase in the reef areas with higher susceptibility to bleaching. While in 2001, 20% of the reef area presented low susceptibility to bleaching and 80% showed medium susceptibility, in 2016, 19% of the area showed medium and 81% showed high susceptibility. 2016 presented the highest susceptibility among the years used in the study, suggesting a higher percentage of bleached colonies, which is corroborated by the fact that this year was considered by NASA and NOAA as the hottest year since 1880. Results also show that bleaching pattern is spatially differentiated. The reefs from the coastal arch of Abrolhos present the greater susceptibility to bleaching. Exception is Timbebas reefs which, although located in the coastal arch, are more similar to the outer arch reefs, wich are less susceptible to bleaching.
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