In this study, adult snails, Helix aspersa were used to estimate the effect of aneonicotinoid insecticide (thiametoxam) on biochemical parameters and histological changes in the hepatopancreas of this gastropod after a treatment of six weeks. During this period, snails were exposed by ingestion and contact to fresh lettuce leaves which were soaked with an insecticide solution. The thiametoxam test solutions were 0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/L. The results of the biochemical dosages (total carbohydrates, total proteins and total lipids) showed significant decreases at two concentrations (100 and 200 mg/L) of thiametoxam. However, the histological examination of the hepatopancreas of the treated snails showed alterations as a response to all the treatments, and revealed the degeneration of the digestive tubules and the breakdown of the basement membrane in a dose-dependent manner, leading to a severe deterioration of the tissues in the concentration of 200 mg/L thiametoxam. The dosage of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins supported by the study of histological changes on the hepatopancreas of H. aspersa can be considered as potential biomarkers of exposure to thiametoxam.
Introduction. Tartrazine is an azofood additive widely used in the pharmaceu-cal, cosmetic, food, and other industries. Objective. To assess the effects of tartrazineon the attitude to move and to eat, and histological changes in digestive, and renal sys-tem, after an acute treatment on a biological model the snail Helix aspersa. Material and Methods. Snails were exposed orally, and by contact to flour contaminated with this dye for 24 hours. Adult snails were divided into two groups of 20 animals each. The control group fed flour alone. The experimental group was administered orally with flour treated with tartrazine (200mg/g flour). Results. The observation of behaviour revealed inhibitory effects of tartrazine on locomotion, and nutrition of snails. Histolo-gical examination of intestines, hepatopancreas, and kidney of treated animals showed altered tissue structures, with advanced degeneration of digestive tubules, connective tissue, and smooth muscle fibers of the walls surrounding the three organs, in response to tartrazine, compared to controls. Conclusion. This study suggests that acute exposure to tartrazine may lead to disorders in locomotor, and nutritional behavior, in addition to tissue alterations. Therefore, this study on behavior, supported by histological changes in H. Aspersa can be used as potential biomarkers of exposure to other azodyes.
Dans cette étude nous nous sommes intéressés à l’évaluation de l’impact des nanoparticules de silice fumée (SiO2) sur un organisme bioaccumulateur, bioindicateur de pollution de l’environnement et un indicateur d’état sanitaire des sols, le gastéropode Helix aspersa suite à une exposition via la nourriture. La toxicité des NPs de silice est déterminée chez l'escargot Helix aspersa grâce aux expérimentations réalisées au sein du laboratoire sur des escargots partagés en quatre lots : un lot considéré comme témoin et trois autres traités par des doses croissantes de nanoparticules de silice fumée de 250, 500 et 750 µg/g de nourriture (farine de blé) pendant quatre semaines. Le stress oxydatif a été évalué par le biais d’un suivi de l’activité de certains biomarqueurs biochimiques et enzymatiques : GSH, GST, GPx et CAT dans les tissus hépatopancréatiques et rénaux et un dosage des protéines totales a également été effectué. Les résultats obtenus montrent que la présence des nanoparticules de silice dans la nourriture de H. aspersa provoque des modifications des paramètres testés dont une augmentation du taux des protéines totales. Nos données révèlent une diminution du taux du GSH ainsi que de l’activité de la CAT et de la GPx, parallèlement à l’observation d’une augmentation de l’activité de la GST au niveau de l’hépatopancréas et du rein. Les perturbations notées sont relativement plus significatives au niveau de l’hépatopancréas qu’au niveau du rein. Nos résultats montrent un état de stress oxydatif chez H. aspersa exprimé par le déclenchement du système de lutte contre le stress oxydatif à travers les biomarqueurs de cette réaction métabolique.
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