Background:The distribution of serotypes causing invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD) are diverse, limiting the proportion of IPD cases pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) can prevent. More studies are needed to estimate the rate of pneumococcal acquisition and serotype replacement following introduction of PCV. Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology of a tertiary hospital. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected among 200 under five children from Pediatric outpatient department. Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) were isolated and identified by culture, Gram staining, biochemical test and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). An initial screening of the nasopharyngeal swabs were done by the primer cpsA to identify the pneumococci by monoplex PCR. Then primers that are serotype specific were used for serotyping by multiplex PCR with positive and negative control. Results: Out of 200 nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs, 67 (33.50%) were positive by culture and 92 (46%) were positive by PCR for S. pneumoniae. Out of 200 children, 90 (45%) received PCV and 110 (55%) were not vaccinated. Among vaccinated children, 3 (12%) S. pneumoniae were detected in fully vaccinated children and 19 (29.23%) S. pneumoniae were detected in partially vaccinated children by culture. In case of PCR, 4 (16%) S. pneumoniae were detected in fully vaccinated children and 25 (38.46%) S. pneumoniae were detected in partially vaccinated children. Among not vaccinated children, 45 (40.90%) and 63 (57.27%) S. pneumoniae were detected by culture and PCR, respectively .The predominant serotypes were 34F,
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Background: Over the past several decades, antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae has dramatically increased worldwide. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to detect and monitor the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Streptococcus pneumoniae among under five years old children as carrier. Methodology: The cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology of Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2016 to June 2017 Data were collected among 200 under five children from Pediatric OPD of Dhaka Medical College Hospital. Streptococcus pneumoniae were isolated and identified by culture, Gram staining and biochemical test. Antimicrobial susceptibility test for S. pneumoniae was performed by disc-diffusion method. Results: Out of 200 nasopharyngeal swabs, 67(33.50%) isolates were positive by culture. Among 67 isolated Streptococcus pneumoniae, all the isolates were susceptible to penicillins, cephalosporins, glycopeptides and carbapenems. Among the isolated Streptococcus pneumoniae, 92.53% isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, 52.16% isolates were susceptible to erythromycin and azithromycin. Streptococcus pneumoniae showed very low susceptibility to gentamicin (11.94%) and co-trimoxazole (23.88%). Conclusion: This study has shown the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Streptococcus pneumoniae in children as carriers. Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases June 2021;8(1):12-17
Background: Detection and monitoring of nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae is important to assess the impact and effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccine programs. Objective: The aims of this study were to assess the nasopharyngeal colonization rate, investigate some of the risk factors for nasopharyngeal colonization with S. pneumoniae from healthy children. Methodology: The study was conducted in the department of microbiology of Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH). Data were collected among 200 under five healthy children in different age group (13 months to 36 months), from different socioeconomic status with cramped housing condition from Pediatric OPD of Dhaka Medical College Hospital. S. pneumoniae were isolated and identified by culture, Gram staining, biochemical test and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Result: Out of 200 nasopharyngeal swabs, 67 (33.50%) were found to be carriers positive by culture and 92(46%) by PCR. The carrier rate was higher among 13 months to 36 months, low and middle socio-economic groups and among with cramped housing condition. Conclusion: In conclusion various factors may affect the nasopharyngeal colonization with S. pneumoniae including early age of life, different socio-economic and living condition. Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases 2019;6(2):48-52
Along with different carbapenemase encoding genes, in recent year class D OXA enzymes are documented in Proteus spp which are not common in Enterobacteriaceae. The dissemination of plasmids, transposons and integrons among bacteria and species playing roles for this dissemination. So, this study was designed to observe the emergence and distribution of different classes of carbapenemase encoding genes among imipenem resistant Proteus spp. isolated from tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. Total 15 imipenem resistant Proteus isolates were included in this study, which were collected from wound swab, pus, urine and blood samples. Identification was done by culture and biochemical test and antibiotic susceptibility test was done by disc diffusion method. MIC of imipenem (g/ml) was done among imipenem resistant P. mirabilis by agar dilution method. blaKPC, blaNDM-1, blaVIM, blaIMP, blaOXA-48 like, blaOXA-23 like, blaOXA-51 like, blaOXA-58 like carbapenemase encoding genes were detected among imipenem resistant Proteus spp. by PCR and sequencing of blaOXA-48 like, blaOXA-51 like gene done by capillary method to compare the sequences with the same gene, available in gene bank. Among 15 imipenem resistant isolates blaNDM-1 (26.67%), blaKPC (20%), blaVIM (20%), blaOXA-484 (20%) were predominant carbapenemase encoding genes followed by blaOXA-66(6.67%). This study finds that blaOXA-484 gene and blaOXA-66 class D carbapenemase encoding genes are emerging in Proteus spp. and may play a contributing factor in developing carbapenem resistance. Bangladesh Med J. 2020 May; 49(2) : 1-8
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