This article explains how the Prince of Wales's interventions of the 1980s in architecture gave rise to his Institute of Architecture and his Urban Design Task Force (UDTF). It points out that both institutions were intended to foster closer dialogue between theory and practice, and to embed formal architectural and planning typologies in building process. A distinction is drawn between the approach of the UDTF and thè urban village' thinking which underlies The Prince's Foundation (successor body to the Institute of Architecture). The Institute of Architecture and the UDTF were helped by the fact that Leon Krier and Christopher Alexander, respectively leaders of the formal and process-orientated (or`structural') schools of urban design, supported their efforts. The unique encounter between the two suggested a`Third Way' for urban propositions, able to mediate between political extremes (e.g. between historical reconstruction and a modernist tabula rasa), and to provide clear formal strategies of an inclusive and broadly accessible kind. The article looks in detail at the 1997 UDTF in LebanonÐ in which Samir Youne  s and Hajo Neis, acolytes of Krier and Alexander, worked on the design of a new urban quarter adjacent to the ancient city of SidonÐ and estimates the value of the resulting dialectic between master plan and generative processes at work in the city. Also discussed are the nature of`tradition', the meanings and limitations of the master plan document, the`hidden hand' represented by latter-day building processes, and the value of`restitution' as against`restoration'. In conclusion it is asked how an`urban renaissance' can be brought about in a period of economic and political liberalization.on the principles of traditional urbanismÐ from drawings and photographs of Sidon and the Zouitini quarter which were supplied to him, interpreted through his own personal recollections of the pre-civil war city. 2 However, this master plan provided only the starting point for the work of the UDTF. What the UDTF also sought were generative processes present in Sidon able to give rise to a formal solution of the kind proposed by Youne  s, so addressing the relation of urban form and urban process in an unusual way. In order to do this, the`classical' school of architecture and urbanism associated with Leon Krier, 13 to which Youne  s belongs, was brought together on the ground with the`structural' school associated with the work of the architect and theoretician Christopher Alexander, 4 represented in Sidon by Alexander's long-time associate, Hansjoachim (Hajo) Neis.
Architects who understand the need to build enduringly are faced with the almost complete absence of international agreements with respect to a planetary ecological project. The coming environmental changes will probably occur long before the small measures that can be implemented by some building industries on a regional level have even the slightest effect. Meanwhile, the health of the planet in positive feedback. Any project that aims for a wise ecological dwelling on this planet needs to consider short-term sustainable measures in comparison with long-term enduring practices. Might schools of thoughts such as traditional architecture, Gaia theory, Earth System Science, deep ecology, eco-feminism, converge on a co-evolutionary partnership between the natural and the human?
Background:Impulsivity is recognized as a predisposing factor for addictive and suicidal behavior in bipolar patients. We aim to study the impact of childhood traumatic experiences on the development of impulsive behavior in patients with bipolar disorder and the particularties of these patientsMethods:Case-control study during a period of six months. Euthymic patients with bipolar disorder were enrolled. The two groups were compared by the scores of the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-10) and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ).Results:The total impulsivity scores of motor and cognitive impulsivity in subjects with bipolar disorder were higher than in control subjects (with respectively p=0,001 ; p=0,005 ; p=0,002). There was a statistically significant difference between bipolar patients and controls regarding the CTQ total (p<10-3) and sub-scores for emotional abuse (p<10-3), physical neglect (p=0,01) and physical abuse (p=0,001) which were higher among patients. There was a correlation between the average total CTQ score and the average total score of impulsivity in the BIS-10 in patients with bipolar disorder (p=0,04). Impulsivity was associated with a childhood full of traumatic events, particularly in bipolar patients.Conclusion:It is interesting to routinely use impulsivity scales (especially the BIS) and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire as indicators of high risk of addictive behavior in bipolar patients. This is paramount in order to develop appropriate therapeutic measures for this group of patients, often responding poorly to standard care.
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