Different techniques have been used to evaluate the energetic characteristics and damage to the photosynthetic apparatus of plants exposed to different stresses, including the measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence. The objective of this study is to evaluate the photosynthetic response by assessing the fluorescence parameters of chlorophyll a in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) cv. Alfavaca Basilicão cultivated in a hydroponic deep-flow technique system using treated domestic wastewater. The study used a completely randomized block design with a 2 × 2 factorial scheme, in which the factors were the water source used for preparing the nutrient solution (tap water or treated domestic wastewater) and the height (upper and lower) of the platform of the cultivation system. The photosynthetic yield of the plants grown on the lower platform was comparatively lower regardless of the water source. However, there was no significant effect of the water source on the potential and effective quantum yields of photosystem II, indicating the absence of changes in the photosynthetic apparatus and photosynthetic yield of plants produced with treated domestic wastewater, suggesting the viability of this treatment for producing basil cv. Alfavaca Basilicão in hydroponic systems.
This study aimed to evaluate growth and production of ornamental sunflower (Helianthuns annuus L.), cv. Anão de Jardim, irrigated with dilutions of human urine in treated domestic effluent. The experiment was carried out in completely randomized design with five treatments and four replicates, in a greenhouse. Treatments consisted of four dilutions of human urine (0, 2, 4 and 6%) in treated domestic effluent and fertilization with 50% of the recommendation of mineral fertilizer. Plants irrigated with human urine dilutions (2, 4 and 6%) in treated domestic effluent and fertilized with 50% of the recommendation of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) showed reductions of growth and production, while those irrigated with 0% human urine dilution in treated domestic effluent and fertilized with 50% of N and K recommendation exhibited similar performance to those irrigated with public-supply water and fertilized with 100% of the recommendation of mineral fertilizer. The obtained results allow to infer on the viability of replacing public-supply water by treated domestic effluent for irrigation, with reduction of 50% in N and K fertilization, without prejudice to the growth and production of ornamental sunflower plants, cv. Anão de Jardim.
The water and nutritional potential of wastewater has been frequently exploited as an alternative water source for the irrigation of crops, especially in regions affected by the scarcity of water resources. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate growth and production of ornamental sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cv. Anão de Jardim irrigated with different dilutions of treated domestic sewage in public-supply water. The experiment was conducted in completely randomized design with five treatments and four replicates, in a greenhouse, in the Experimental Area of the Agricultural Engineering Graduate Program of the Federal University of Recôncavo of Bahia, located in the municipality of Cruz das Almas - BA, Brazil. Treatments started seven days after transplanting of the seedlings and consisted of five dilutions of treated domestic sewage (TDS) in public-supply water (PSW) (100% PSW – control; 25% TDS + 75% PSW; 50% TDS + 50% PSW; 75% TDS + 25% PSW and 100% TDS). In the control treatment, plants were fertilized with 100% of the mineral fertilization recommendation, whereas plants in treatments with effluent received 50% of the nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) recommendation. Biometric (plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, shoot fresh and dry matter and leaf area) and production (capitulum internal and external diameter, capitulum fresh and dry matter, beginning of flowering and full capitulum opening) indicators evaluated at harvest demonstrated that ornamental sunflower plants irrigated with 100% TDS showed similar performance to those irrigated with PSW, which makes it possible to infer on the possibility of replacing PSW by TDS in irrigation, along with the 50% reduction in the recommendation of N and K fertilization, with no damage to the growth and production of ornamental sunflower, cv. Anão de Jardim, thus leading to the saving of good-quality water and fertilizers.
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