The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of administration of lecirelin acetate, hCG and progesterone after AI on ovarian picture, serum progesterone concentrations and first service conception rate in cross-bred cattle. A total of 160 lactating cross bred (Friesian x Sahiwal) cattle were divided into 4 groups after AI. The groups were treated as follows: control (injected i.m with normal saline 2ml, n=40), d 7-LA (injected i.m with lecirelin acetate100 µg, n=40), d 7-hCG (injected with hCG 3300 IU, n=40) and d 7-P 4 (injected i.m with Progesterone 0.5 mg daily for 4 days, n=40) group. The hormonal treatments were given to animals on day 7 after AI. The ultrasonography and blood sampling was done before treatment and then 7 days later. All animals were examined for pregnancy through ultrasonography at 40 ± 1 day after AI. The diameter of SCL on 7 days after treatment was higher (P < 0.01) in group d 7-LA and d 7-hCG group cows as compared to control cows. In contrast, the diameter of SCL in d 7-P 4 treated cows did not differ from control cows. Formation of ACL was observed only in 50 % & 80 % cows in d 7-LA and d 7-hCG group respectively. No ACL was observed in control and d 7-P 4 cattle on day 7 after treatment. The P 4 concentrations were significantly higher (P < 0.01) in d 7-hCG treated cattle as compared to control at 7 days after treatment. As compared to 10 percent First Service Conception Rate (FSCR) in controls, an increase (P < 0.05) of 50 percent and 40 percent was observed in each treatment group (d 7-hCG & d 7-LA), non-significant (P > 0.05) difference in FSCR was observed between control and d 7-P 4 group. It was concluded that the use of hCG or LA, 7 days after AI is a beneficial tool to improve conception rate in cross-bred cattle whereas use of parental P 4 post-breeding has no effect on SCL diameter and conception rate.
Background Diabetes mellitus is characterized by absolute or relative deficiencies in insulin secretion or insulin action correlated with chronic hyperglycemia and other disturbances in carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism results in weakening immunity. In addition, various biochemical disorders associated with diabetic vascular complications, such as hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress frequently co-exist with diabetes mellitus. Previous studies have also suggested that these and additional factors might involve with increasing chemical stress in diabetic patients. Material and methods The questionnaire based survey was conducted including both close & open ended questions along with the assessment of chemical stress using Sadaf Stress Scale (SSS) version 2 among diabetic patients. This study was conducted in tertiary care hospitals of Karachi from October 1st till November 10th, 2014. Data was analyzed and plotted using SPSS version 20.0. Results This study showed that 28% of diabetic patients were in severe chemical stress. However, the various symptoms of severity included body temperature alterations (50%), feeling of dehydration (56%) and shortness of breath (63%) were obtained. Conclusion It is concluded that the diabetes patient with type 2 diabetes are at higher risk of developing chemical stress that may indicate multiple metabolic and as indicated by prominent symptoms that can be a oxidative alterations on sequence of increase use of medications and altered glucose metabolism.
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