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Objective: To assess the anxiety and depression among the dentists of Karachi by using AKUADS. Study Design and Setting: It was a cross sectional study design conducted in Karachi. Methodology: The calculated sample size was 293.The data was collected over a period of 3 months with the help of validated Questionnaire of Aga Khan University Anxiety and Depression Scale (AKUADS). Informed consent was taken and rationale was explained to all the participants before commencement of this study. Results: Our study focused on sample of 234. The response rate was 79.8%. The anxiety and depression was prevalent in 67.9% of dentists from Karachi. Males and unmarried/single dentists were more depressed than females and married dentists. The 24-30 years of dentists having more than five years of professional experience and were working more than 40 hours per week were found to be more depressed n=82 (72.56%) than the dentists who worked less than forty hours per week; n=77 (63.6%) and calculated P value was 0.093. When analyzing the association between anxiety and depression and working sector; dentists who worked in private sector (n=81) 71.05% were found to be more depressed than the dentists worked in Public sector and the calculated P-value was 0.197. Conclusion: The study rendered substantial data about unexpectedly high prevalence of anxiety and depression among the sample of dentists from Karachi. It was inferred from the study that experience in professional field, age of dentists, more than 40 hours working per week and working in private sector have been associated with anxiety and depression among the dentists of Karachi.

Objective The focus of this study is to be acquainted with the level of trust and reliance regarding reproductive health concerns among early married females. Introduction Many females around the globe are subjected to early marriage with immature minds and bodies, and they are forced to shoulder heavy duties, early pregnancies, harsh family behaviors, family disputes, behavioral problems and understanding problems. Early pregnancies and other health problems have a great impact on their self-esteem, confidence level and their trust on elders to share their problems. When females are married at early age, they are not only deprived of their education but they are also not aware of the health consequences and their solutions. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in Karachi and data was collected through detailed interview among 100 subjects (married and unmarried females). Results 41.98% of the unmarried girls relied on lady doctors for their reproductive health problems whereas 37.50% of married girls approached mothers and few talked to lady doctors while most of them were not sharing theirs obstacles with anyone. Conclusion It is concluded that females in their teens before marriage had normal self-esteem and courage to share their problems, on the other hand early marriages were found to cause a decline in their levels of self-esteem due to domestic pressures, less social buck up, fears of inlaws and husbands.