Objective: To compare the clinical performance and side effects of Implant (jadelle) and intrauterine contraceptive device (Cu-T). Study Design: Prospective Analytic study. Setting: Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, PNS Shifa Hospital, Bahria University of Health Sciences, Karachi. Period: 1st January 2021 to 31st December 2021. Material & Methods: A total of 162 married females of childbearing age participated in our study, n=81 in each group. Group A consisted of those females who had subdermal implant jadelle inserted and Group B included those ladies who were using intrauterine devices (IUDs) for contraception. Patient with pre-existing medical disrorders and those using levonorgestrel Intrauterine system (Mirena) were excluded. They were interviewed using a structured questionnaire at 6-months post insertion. The outcome were success/ failure rate and side effects. Data was analysed using SPSS 22. Results: A total of 162 women were part of this study. Most, 30(37.03%) were between 26-30 years in age in Group A (Implant) vs. 36 (44.4%) in Group B Intrauterine devices. 56 (61.7%) in Group A vs. 68 (83.9%) in Group B had regular menstruation prior to use of LARC; p-value 0.05 which is statistically significant. 45 (55.5%) in Group A vs. 33 (40.7%) in Group B had at least secondary level of education. Among the two study groups, 12(14.8) of Group A vs. 24 (29.6%) of Group B reported mild increase in menstrual bleeding, p-value 0. 000. Other side effects noticed were headache, nausea, and weight gain. Conclusion: Progesterone only subdermal implant showed same efficacy as Copper T IUD (intrauterine devices) with significantly fewer side effects.
Objective: To determine the frequency of perinatal depression in pregnant women utilizing Edinburgh Postnatal depression scale (EPDS). Study Design: Cross-sectional study Settings: Out-patient Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Combined Military hospital, Lahore. Duration of study: 1st November 2018 to 30th April 2019 Total 254 patients were selected. Patients were questioned according to EPDS scale and information recorded on prescribed form. Data was stratified for age, parity, gestational age, education level, and income group. Pregnant women with an EPDS score of ≥9 were considered to be suffering with depression. Results: In this present study a total of 254 women were interviewed for perinatal depression. The mean age of the patients was 27.64 ±8.89 years with minimum and maximum ages of 20 years and 34 years respectively. The mean gestational age of the patients was 38.31±2.16 weeks with a minimum and maximum gestational age of 37.40 and 40.02 respectively. In the study a total of 254 women were assessed for perinatal depression. 19.2% of women were found to be suffering from perinatal depression. Conclusion: “The results of our study demonstrate that, both antepartum and postpartum depression, in pregnant women are significantly prevalent.” Keywords: “Edinburgh Postnatal depression scale (EPDS), perinatal depression, low-income countries (LIC), high-income countries (HIC).”
Background: Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after one to two years of unprotected intercourse. It is of two types: primary infertility and secondary infertility 5On the basis of etiopathology infertility is divided into five groups: unexplained (28%), male factor (24%), ovarian dysfunction (21%), tubal factor (14%) and others (13%). Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) are integral parts of the neural and endocrine interchange between the hypothalamus, pituitary, and gonads that control steroid hormone synthesis and gamete production. Method: The design of this study was a Cross sectional study design. The study was conducted in Shifa International Hospital Islamabad and the duration of this study were from May 2022 to Nov 2022 for the duration of six months. Results: A total of 143 female patients presenting with an ovulatory cycle with primary infertility. Average age of the patients was 29.14 years +5.65 SD with range 20-38 years. The deranged follicle stimulating hormone and deranged luteinizing hormone in IU/L among women presenting with an ovulatory cycle with primary infertility was observed in 85(59.44%) and 56(39.16%) respectively. Practical implication: This study will be useful to local health professionals in adjusting the management protocols for patients with primary infertility Conclusion: The deranged follicle stimulating hormone and deranged luteinizing hormone in IU/L are the considerable factors among women presenting with an ovulatory cycle with primary infertility Keywords: Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Luteinizing Hormone, An Ovulatory Cycle, Primary Infertility
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