Enabling and environmentally friendly synthetic methodology is preferred over conventional methods that require expensive chemicals & oxidants to achieve value-added organic transformations. Electrochemical conversions encounter the conventional shortcomings and introduce...
C−H bond functionalization generates molecular complexity in single‐step transformation. However, the activation of C−H bonds requires expensive metals or stoichiometric amounts of oxidizing/reducing species. In many cases, they often require pre‐functionalization of starting molecules. Such pre‐activating measures cause waste generation and their separation from the final product is also troublesome. In such a scenario, reactions activating elements generating from renewable energy resources such as electricity and light would be more efficient, green, and cost‐effective. Further, incorporation of growing flow technology in chemical transformation processes will accelerate the safer accesses of valuable products. Arenes & heteroarenes are ubiquitous in pharmaceuticals, natural products, medicinal compounds, and other biologically important molecules. Herein, we discussed enabling tools and technologies used for the recent C−H bonds functionalization of arenes and heteroarenes.
Numerous applications in the realm of biological exploration
and
drug synthesis can be found in heterocyclic chemistry, which is a
vast subject. Many efforts have been developed to further improve
the reaction conditions to access this interesting family to prevent
employing hazardous ingredients. In this instance, it has been stated
that green and environmentally friendly manufacturing methodologies
have been introduced to create N-, S-, and O-heterocycles. It appears
to be one of the most promising methods to access these types of compounds
avoiding use of stoichiometric amounts of oxidizing/reducing species
or precious metal catalysts, in which only catalytic amounts are sufficient,
and it represent an ideal way of contributing toward the resource
economy. Thus, renewable electricity provides clean electrons (oxidant/reductant)
that initiate a reaction cascade via producing reactive intermediates
that facilitate in building new bonds for valuable chemical transformations.
Moreover, electrochemical activation using metals as catalytic mediators
has been identified as a more efficient strategy toward selective
functionalization. Thus, indirect electrolysis makes the potential
range more practical, and less side reactions can occur. The latest
developments in using an electrolytic strategy to create N-, S-, and
O-heterocycles are the main topic of this mini review, which was documented
over the last five years.
Aerva plants are known widely for their exceptional medicinal uses. They have been employed conventionally for their medicinal properties by the common folk in several regions of the world. This indicates the efficacy of these remarkable herbs. They are also known for their multiple biological activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antilithiatic, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, anticancer, antihyperlipidemic and nephroprotective potential. These pharmacological actions are associated with the presence of valuable nutrients and biochemical compounds such as sterols/terpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolics and sugars. The proper utilization of the substances obtained from these plants can enhance the finesse of the capabilities of these plants. These plants are not only medicinally important but are significantly serving several other scientific purposes. In the prospect of medicinal, scientific uses and the bioavailability of precious chemicals of Aerva species, a comprehensive review is compiled, which focuses on the detailed profile of biochemical compounds, pharmacological functions and biological activities of Aerva plants. The review also discusses the synthetic importance and the toxicity of these plants. The study aims to compile comprehensively what is already done and what more is needed to be done in the future investigations related to Aerva species.
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