M orphological and histological studies demonstrated that salinity affects gonadal development of Diplodus vulgaris* Fishes exposed to salinity 25%o were characterized by reduction in the gonad size, GSI values and the testes seemed to be atrophied. Degeneration of both spermatogoma and oocytes were observed at this level of salinity. At 16 %o salinity, the gonads were slightly reduced in size, early ripening of males and early sex reversal were observed. By increasing salinity to 4Q%o, the gonad weight and GSI values were decreased. Inhibition of spermatogenesis in males, collapse of the oocytes and marked shrinkag in the nucleus diameter were detected. The ovaries of females showed some types of abnormalities: development of small vacuoles all over the cytoplasm which was not homogenous. It was observed that exposure to salinity 48%o caused the most deleterious effect on the gonads. Hypertrophy followed by degeneration of spermatogonia and deformation of seminiferous lobules, cessation of cell division and deformation of the oocytes were observed.
A total of 27 fatty acids (FAs) were identified in testis throughout the spawning season of male R. sarba. In male gonad saturated fatty acids (SFA) were the main fatty acid group in total lipid in testis (34%) followed by PUFA (29.1%) and MUFA (11.6%). In all maturation stages SFA were the main fatty acid group in testis (30.4-35.4%). Of individual fatty acid, the major constituents of SFA were Palmitic acid C16:0 (18. 5%) and Stearic acid C18:0 (8.5%) in nearly ripe and ripe stages respectively. Oleic acid C18:1 (8.8%) was found to be the main MUFA in ripe stage and Linoleic acid C18:2 (10.8%) was the main PUFA in nearly ripe stage. During spawning and maturation stages there were a significant differences in total SFA and MUFA (P<0.05).
Soluble gonad protein for both sexes of Siganus rivulatus was analysed by isoelectric focusing in seven maturity stages. Sex-specific electrophoretic and isoelectric focusing patterns were found. More protein fractions are identified for stage II of both sexes than for die other stages. The total number of protein bands for female was greater than those of male. In female, spawning stage has the maximum number (4) of specific band while in male the maximum ones (6) were separated from stage (HI). The number of common bands in both female and male was (3 & 2) respectively. Clear differences in protein patterns of the seven stages for both sexes can be used to characterize the breeding season.
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