Abstract:Back pain is currently growing as a major health problem among school age group children, which can limit or hinder their daily life activities. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of school bag use, postural and behaviors habits on back pain occurrence among school children. Descriptive correlation design was used. This study was conducted at ten governmental preparatory schools from both rural and urban schools in Menouf district, Menoufia Governorate, Egypt. Random sample of 598 preparatory school children including 239 boys and 359 girls aged between 12-15 years of both rural and urban selected schools. Tools: Self-administered structured questionnaire, back pain assessment questionnaire, back pain & body posture evaluation instrument, behavioral habits questionnaire, school bag use questionnaire, and physiological measurements. The main results showed that 74.1% of the studied schoolchildren had suffered from back pain. Female students had significant risk of suffering from back pain by five times than male students. Among school children with back pain, 51.3% had reported moderate pain, the most affected area by pain was shoulder and about one fourth (24.4%) reported that the pain prevented them from performing daily activities. The mean weight of schoolbag carried by all school children was 7.46+ 2. 62 kg and the mean school bag weight as % of body weight was 14.36% ± 4.22. There was significant relationship between back pain and school bag weight, % of body weight, method and duration of carriage. Also, there was a significant relationship between back pain and improper sitting posture for writing, using computer, and sitting in classroom. The study was concluded that back pain among studied school children was high and the pain influences activities of daily life in about one fourth of students. Most of school children carry school bags more than the recommended weights of their body weight. It was associated with sex, parents' history of back pain, duration of sedentary activities, improper posture adopted in performing daily activities, weight of schoolbag, method & duration of carrying schoolbag. Recommendations: The need for developing and implementing of preventative programs in schools about proper postures during daily activities and guidelines for school bag usage.

Adolescents are a unique target group as optimal growth during this period is considered to be of main importance in maintaining good health thereafter. Calcium deficiency in early adolescence is one of the most common reported nutritional problems globally. Aim: To examine the effectiveness of nutrition intervention based on health belief model for promoting dietary calcium intake among adolescent girl students. Methods: Design: A quasi-experimental (study and control group) design. Subjects: Simple random sampling composed of 200 adolescent girl students aged 12-15 years. Setting: This study was conducted at four preparatory schools from rural and urban schools in Shebin El-Kom and El-Shohadaa districts at Menoufia Governorate, Egypt. Instruments: 1. A structured interview questionnaire that comprises socio-demographic data and environmental data about dietary calcium intake.2. Students' knowledge questionnaire related dietary calcium intake. 3. Students' practice habits questionnaire related dietary calcium intake. 4. Health belief model construct questionnaire related to dietary calcium intake. 5.Calcium rich food frequency questionnaire. Results: The findings of this study revealed a significant improvement in adolescent girls' awareness, and practice level related to dietary calcium intake in the study group as compared to the control group. Moreover, there was a significant increase in the mean total of dietary daily calcium consumption (mg) in the study group (1231.04±221.01) compared to 904.47±183.38 in the controls group. Besides, HBM structures mean score were significant higher including perceived benefits of calcium-rich foods consumption, susceptibility to the occurrence of diseases, risk resulting from the deficiency of calcium intake, and self-efficacy, while found a significant decrease in barriers to obtaining enough calcium in the study group compared to control group. Conclusion: Nutrition intervention based on HBM had a positive effect on promoting adolescent girls' awareness, and practice habits related to dietary calcium intake as well as promoting dietary daily calcium consumption. Recommendations: The need for establishing nutrition interventions based on HBM in schools to promote adolescent girls' calcium intakes, as well as emphasizing on parents and providing recommendations for enhancing calcium-rich food availability at home.

Background: Accurate information of students regarding the coronavirus illness (COVID-19), its spread, and precautions are important for limiting an outbreak. Telenursing is considered an efficient approach for combating COVID-19 outbreak. Aim: To examine the effect of telehealth nursing intervention on COVID-19 protective measures awareness and practice among university students. Subjects &Method: A quasi-experimental research approach was adopted. This research was carried out at non-medical faculties including faculty of Commerce and faculty of Law at Shebin Elkom City, Menoufia University, Egypt. Subjects: A convenience sample comprising of 280 university students, aged 18 to 24, from both genders, was obtained using an online Google form. Tools of data collection: Two tools were employed:1. Self-administered structured questionnaire included personal characteristics, and students' awareness about COVID-19. 2. Students' protective measures practice about COVID-19. Results: The main findings revealed that 82.2% of studied students had poor awareness about COVID -19 pre telehealth nursing intervention, compared post telehealth nursing intervention, the good awareness level was significantly improved (83.2%). Besides, about three-quarters of students had poor protective measures practice against COVID 19, while 25.4% had good practice at pre the intervention, compared to the post telehealth nursing intervention, the good protective measures practice level was significantly improved (71.4%). Conclusion: Telenursing is an efficient approach for improving students' awareness and their practice about protective measures against COVID 19. Recommendations: Continuous awareness on enhancing COVID-19 protective measures via telehealth nursing throughout all academic institutions are needed.

Background: Hepatitis C virus infection is a community and pediatric problems, needs for supporting their mothers to decrease their strains and powering their children quality of life. Aim: To examine effect of family empowerment nursing intervention on caregivers' strains and health-related quality of life of children with hepatitis C. Design: A quasi-experimental research design. Setting: The study was carried out at outpatient clinics in National Liver Institute at Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia University, Egypt. Sample: Purposive sample composed of 160 caregivers and their children with hepatitis C were recruited. Tools of the study: 1. Structured interviewing questionnaire. 2. Modified Index of Caregivers' Strain 3. Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Version 4. Results: The main findings of current study showed that at pre family empowerment intervention, most (90%) of family caregivers had suffering from high level of strains while only 10% had low level of strains compared to post family empowerment intervention, there was statistically significant decreased in high level of caregivers' strain. Additionally, there was statistical significance improvement in the quality of life of children having hepatitis C; at post family empowerment intervention compared to pre intervention. Conclusion: Family empowerment intervention was effective in reducing family caregivers' feeling of strain and enhances health related quality of life in children with hepatitis C. Recommendations: The need for establishing health education units in every outpatient clinics to provide therapeutic education to children and their family caregivers.

Background: Healthcare workers are the most vulnerable to COVID-19 because of the nature of their work, which exposes them to COVID-19-infected people on a daily basis. Because anxiety affects everyone, whether they are frontline health workers or hospital administrative and support staff. The aim of this study was to assess COVID-19 pandemic induced anxiety, knowledge, and preventive measures practices among non-medical healthcare workers in quarantine hospitals. Methods:-Cross-sectional descriptive design was used to attain the aim of the study. Setting: This study was carried out at four quarantine hospitals in Shebin El-Kom and Elshohadaa city, Menoufia Governorate, Egypt. Three out of four quarantine hospitals were selected from Shebin El-Kom city, and one out of two quarantine hospitals were selected from Elshohadaa city, using a simple random sample technique. Subjects: A simple random sample of 340 non-medical healthcare workers from quarantine hospitals was chosen from four different profession categories including patient affairs office, security officer, receptionists, and accountants. Tools for data collection: A constructed interview questionnaire involved socio-demographic information; COVID-19 pandemic induced anxiety scale, COVID-19 pandemic knowledge questionnaire and preventive measures practices toward COVID-19 pandemic questionnaire. Results:-The current study's findings found that 51.8% of the studied non-medical healthcare workers had COVID-19 pandemic induced anxiety, 62.4% had better knowledge about COVID-19 pandemic, and more than half (58.8%) had good preventive measures practices about COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between non-medical healthcare workers knowledge and preventive measures practices, while there was no significant correlation between anxiety and COVID-19 pandemic knowledge and preventive measures practices among non-medical healthcare workers. Conclusion: COVID-19 pandemic induced anxiety was experienced by more than half of the non-medical healthcare workers in the study. Good preventive measures practices were associated with increased knowledge toward COVID-19 pandemic. All non-medical healthcare workers in health facilities should receive educational as well as psychological intervention to raise their awareness of COVID-19 pandemic and assist them in overcoming anxiety.

No abstract

Abstract:Global warming is one of the most critical environmental problems of 21thcentury. It is not only environmental hazard but also social and economic risk and unfortunately some adverse consequences of it are becoming visible these days. Therefore, it is a great importance for educating people and making them aware of this problem. The study was aimed to examine the effect of instruction with visual materials based on health belief model on global warming perception among university students. Quasi experimental design with pre and post-test was utilized. This study was conducted at six faculties from both scientific and literary faculties in Shebin Elkom City at Menoufia University. Systematic random sample consisted of 360 university students including 144 males and 216 females aged between 18 to 22 years old who enrolled in the first academic years of both selected scientific and literary faculties in Shebin Elkom City. The following tools were used 1. Self-administered structured questionnaire which involved socio-demographic data and knowledge of university students about global warming. 2. Perception of students about global warming based on health belief model. The main result of this study showed that there was significant improvement in the knowledge and perception of university students' about global warming after instruction with visual materials compared to before instruction. Additionally, there was statistically significant relation between students' knowledge and perception toward global warming. The current study concluded that, instruction with visual materials was effective in improving knowledge and perception of university students about global warming. This result recommended that, the need for developing and establishing of environmental protection education programs to enhance environmental awareness of all students from elementary school to university level.