Osteopontin hormone (OPN) is an extracellular matrix protein that is expressed in bone cells such as osteoblasts and osteoclasts and associated with bone turnover and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. The aim of the study is to investigate serum levels of circulating OPN and its relationship with biochemical parameters and BMD in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis in Iraq. Serum samples from fifty postmenopausal women were selected from patients attending two educational hospitals in Baghdad, which are AL Wasity Educational Hospital and Baghdad Educational Hospital, during the period from November 2018 to March 2019. Twenty five postmenopausal healthy women were included as a control group. The studied subjects’ ages were in the range of 45-65 years. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was the device used to measure bone mineral density and diagnose osteoporosis in both groups. Blood samples were collected from each participant for measuring the serum levels of biochemical parameters (P, Alp, Ca, and OPN) The results of the demographic parameters showed a significant (P≤0.05) increase in mean values of age, menopause duration, and duration of productive life in the patients as compared to the control group. Also, strong positive correlations between patients and the control were recorded in age and duration of productive age, with a weak inverse correlation in menopause duration. While a significant (P≤0.05) decrease in the mean value of body mass index (BMI), BMD, and T-score as compared to the control. The correlation in BMI was weak significant positive while in the other two parameters it was weak significant inverse. The results of the present study showed non-significant differences (P ≥0.05) between the patients and control group for serum biochemical parameters. It was also noticed that there was a significant (P≤0.05) increase in the mean value of osteopontin hormone level in the patients as compared to the control, with a weak significant inverse (p≤0.05) correlation.
Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is a major pregnancy complication that causes pregnant women mortality. Here, we had scrutinized the correlation between serum levels of -hCG and biochemical parameters in PIH. Serum samples were collected from eighty Iraqi women (forty women with pregnancy-induced hypertension as patients group, twenty normotensive pregnant women as a positive control, and twenty normotensive non-pregnant women as a negative control) all groups were diagnosed clinically. All -hCG hormone level was measured for all studied groups, also serum uric acid, albumin, and total protein levels were measured as biochemical parameters. Data analysis showed that serum level of -hCG hormone was significant increase (p≤0.05) in PIH in compared to control groups. Also Uric acid level was increased significantly in PIH group in compared with control groups. While Albumin show there was no significant difference in PIH group. Total serum protein level was measured by Bradford total Protein assay all results was in normal value and showed a significant difference in PIH group in comparison to control groups. Our study shows that there is correlation between β-hCG with uric acid and albumin levels in PIH. Serial estimation of serum β-hCG, uric acid, and albumin can be important to use as a marker of disease and also can be used in better early management of established cases that lead to preeclampsia and eclampsia.
Background The thyroid glands function and structure are influenced by several psychomotor stimulants like: temperature, drugs, chemicals and light. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of continuous darkness on the thyroid glands of male rats. Despite so many previous works to explore the effect of exogenous or endogenous melatonin on thyroid, there are few studies dealing with the outcome of progressively increasing phases of darkness on thyroid architecture, according to the available literatures. Objectives This work is intended to study the effect of rising period of continuous darkness on thyroid tissues in adult male rats. Methods Adult Wister albino rats were kept in total 24 hours darkness for successive 4 phases. These rats were divided into 8 groups. Group II, III, IV and V were cited in continuous darkness for 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks in that order. Group Iɑ, Group Ib, Group Ic , and Group Id were control groups of group II, III, IV and V likewise. After the last day of the dark phase dedicated for each group, the animals were sacrificed under effect of anesthesia. The thyroid gland was separated, weighed and right lobe was practiced to study its structural changes. Results The results illustrated no key structural effect by short and medium phases of darkness, while on long phases; there was detrimental effect on thyroid tissues. Conclusion The continuous darkness for a long time has undesirable histological and anatomical changes on the thyroid tissues of the adult male rats in a manner correlated with the length of publicity.
Objective: Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is a major pregnancy complication that leads to maternal mortality. Here, we have scrutinized the correlation between serum levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in PIH.Methods: Serum samples were collected from 80 Iraqi women (40 women with PIH as patients group, 20 normotensive pregnant women as a positive control, and 20 normotensive non-pregnant women as a negative control) all groups were diagnosed clinically.Results: Serum of H2O2 and SOD levels was measured for all studied groups. Results showed that there were no significant variances in age and gestational age distribution between all studied groups. Furthermore, result showed that the serum level of SOD was a highly significant decrease in PIH in compared to control groups while H2O2 was a highly significant increase in PIH in compared with control groups. The obtained results also indicated that there was a negative correlation between SOD and H2O2 PIH women while no correlation in other control groups.Conclusion: Our study showed that there was a correlation between H2O2 levels and SOD in PIH. These imbalance lead to generate oxidative stress that could be responsible for starting and progression of pathological processes related to PIH and may be a critical determinant of diseases. Testing for SOD and H2O2 level can be a monitoring instrument for oxidative stress in early pregnancy, and they could help in the detection and consequently prevent future hypertension in pregnancy.
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