Many studies were carried out in Morocco to show that the dynamics of the market gardening is characterized by frequent use and often uncontrolled use of chemical inputs to the detriment of the preservation of natural resources, the health of consumers and the producers themselves. This reality, calls for appropriate structural actions, based on the levels of sustainability of the sector. The IDEA method (Farm Sustainability Indicators) is one way of giving practical expression to the concept of sustainable farms. Based on 40 sustainability indicators covering the three dimensions of sustainability: agro-ecological, socio- territorial, and economic. Using the IDEA method, we conducted this research with a view to analyze the sustainability of market gardening exploitations in three rural communities: Mnasra, Sidi Mohamed Benmansour, and Benmansour. We conducted questionnaire interviews with 180 producers. The results obtained have generally shown that the market gardening farms in this region have low sustainability scores. The sustainability of farms is lowest on the socio-territorial scale due to the absence of product quality approaches, poor human development, and poor employment conditions and services. On the economic scale, the low viability stands out. The agro-ecological scale shows higher values due to the good organization of space and diversified systems.
The objective of this article is to highlight the relationship between the integration of sustainable development practices in Moroccan Small and Medium Enterprises (Smes) and the challenge sought by managers in order to ensure competitiveness and sustainability. Indeed, present-day Smes are operating in a world where economic, social, societal or environmental constraints are constantly evolving. The Sme has to face, on a daily basis, new challenges such as economic stability and sustainability alongside the major structures because the challenge of any company is to be able to differentiate itself by adding its own trace promoting a more stable positioning in a fairly hostile environment. The investigation is carried out on a sample 30 Smes in the city of Kénitra due to the importance that this city holds in terms of both geographical dimension and economic inputs on the regional scale, 13.6% of the jobs generated by the SME according to the report of the high Planning Commission (HCP 2017). The results obtained reveal that the major concern of the managers of the Moroccan Sme is a purely commercial concern and that the integration of the various practices related to sustainable development in their managerial vision is only a means and does not constitute an objective to ensure the expected survival and sustainability.
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