Background We aimed to explore the impact of the preventive measures and partial lockdown to the psychiatric emergency department (PED) visits during COVID-19 pandemic in a mental health epicenter in Istanbul. Methods A total of 5839 patients admitted to PED during the lockdown period (LP) between March 30 and May 31, 2020, were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. Data of these patients were compared to those of patients in the same period in 2019 between April 1 and June 2, 2019 (non-LP). We also investigated the monthly number of PED visits and hospitalizations between March 1 and December 31, 2020, and compared it to the same period in 2019. Results The volume of PED visits and hospitalizations in LP decreased by 12% and 41.6%, respectively. The rates of patients presenting anxiety and depressive disorders and bipolar disorders were found to significantly increase in LP than non-LP ( p < 0.001; p < 0.001; p < 0.01, respectively). Depressive disorders, prior history of mental illness, and aggressive behavior were found to predict frequent PED visits while decrease in age and male gender found to predict hospitalizations. Regarding suicide attempt, younger patients and those with new-onset mental disorders were found to be at high risk in LP. Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in PED visits were mostly with psychotic and bipolar disorders. Conclusion Policy-makers should focus on studies on mental health services to reorganize and enhance such services, which are crucial to prevent and manage adverse mental health consequences of the pandemic and congestion in PEDs.
Aim Recent studies showed a compare complete blood count (CBC) with its related measurements, including neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and platelet to lymphocyte ratio, are a simple and affordable test for inflammatory markers. The aim of this controlled study is to compare CBC inflammatory markers in substance‐induced psychosis (SIP) and substance‐free acute psychotic disorder (SF‐APD) and to evaluate whether these CBC inflammation values can be used in diagnosis. Methods This retrospective study was conducted with the data of 76 SF‐APD patients (including 60 cases of first‐episode psychosis [FEP]), 98 SIP patients (including 48 cases of FEP), and 32 controls. Results Patients with SF‐APD and SIP had higher white blood cell counts, neutrophil and monocyte counts, and MLR than controls. An increased NLR was more distinct in SF‐APD, while an increased MLR was observed in APD (both SF and SI) and FEP groups more than in the controls. A receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the NLR could contribute to the identification of SF‐APD (52.6% sensitivity and 12.5% specificity, area under curve [AUC] = 0.704, 2.47 cutoff value) while an MLR could contribute to the identification of APD (70.1% sensitivity and 12.5% specificity, AUC = 0.842) as well as FEP (71.3% sensitivity and 12.5% specificity AUC = 0.831) with 0.26 cutoff value. Conclusions An NLR and MLR might be of interest for inflammatory processes involved in acute and first‐episode psychotic events, regardless of substance involvement.
Objectives Given that drug addiction occurs as a result of complex gene-environment interaction, a number of studies claimed that Cannabinoid Receptor 1 (CNR1), Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH), and Monoacylglycerol lipase (MGLL) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with the risk of substance use disorders such as cannabis, opioids, and, methamphetamine. However, scientific research on genetic susceptibility to synthetic cannabinoid addiction is limited. In this population-based case-control study, we aimed to evaluate the genetic susceptibility to synthetic cannabinoid use disorder in terms of these three endocannabinoid system genes in the Turkish population. Methods 100 individuals diagnosed with synthetic cannabinoid use disorder according to Diagnostics and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 criteria and 100 healthy volunteers have recruited for the study. Genotyping of the CNR1 rs1049353, FAAH rs324420, and MGLL rs604300 SNPs was performed using Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction hybridization probes. Results The patient and control groups consist of 98 % male, 2 % female, 80 % male, and 20 % female individuals, respectively. The genotype distributions were consistent with Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium for all SNPs (P>0.05). FAAH rs324420 and MGLL 604300 SNPs were genotyped for the first time in the Turkish population, and the variant allele frequencies were found as 0.205 and 0.085, respectively. Allele frequencies and genotype distributions CNR1 rs1049353, FAAH rs324420, and MGLL rs604300 SNPs were similar between the patient and control group (P>0.05). Conclusions These results indicate that CNR1, FAAH, and MGLL gene polymorphisms do not influence the risk of synthetic cannabinoid use disorder in the Turkish population.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.