Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness tells the journey of Marlow through the African jungle and his search for the European Kurtz who exploits the natives by imposing violence on them. It is mainly based upon Conrad's own experience in Congo when he learned how Europeans exploited and traded the natives for their own benefits during his own journey. The book is regarded as an attack on imperialism and criticizes immoral treatments of the European colonizers in Africa in the 19 th century. Keith Booker states that "the book deals with issues such as imperialism, capitalism, race, and gender that were very much at the forefront of the turn-of-the century European mind. Conrad's ambivalent treatment of these issues is extremely representative of the way they were treated in any number of European discourses of the time" (217). Besides, Chinua Achebe in his An "Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad's Heart of Darkness" comments that "Heart of Darkness projects the image of Africa as 'the other world', the antithesis of Europe and therefore of civilization, a place where man's vaunted intelligence and refinement are finally mocked by triumphant bestiality" (338). Although Achebe puts forward that the novel displays colonialism, I consider that Conrad does not intend to write it to appreciate colonialism and therefore the purpose of this paper is to approach Conrad's Heart of Darkness from post-colonial perspective by taking European imperialism and colonialism over Africa into consideration in order to clarify how Conrad has
The world has witnessed various economic, social, and political problems throughout history. People could not overcome the psychological disorders that stemmed from war. Individuals growing up under these conditions surely need parental guidance to find the correct path in puberty. Correspondingly, Freud emphasises the importance of parental protection and supervision. Psychosexual developmental stages, which are part of “Psychoanalysis”, have served as a guide for parents to raise well-behaved children. In this respect, Edward Bond cleverly deals with the social problems in his plays. He touches upon the theme of violence and victimised children by exposing social issues to present solutions to the existing order for the sake of constructing a mentally healthy generation. Bond additionally believes that literary figures should shed light on the violence that people are exposed to in their early ages. For this purpose, he evidently challenges the problems that the society preferred to keep their ears deaf and eyes blind in The Children (2000). In other words, the purpose of this study is to show how Edward Bond successfully reveals the psychological problems of the younger generation by focusing on their main underlying reasons under the light of Freud’s “Psychosexual Development Theory” in The Children.
1-This article is retrieved from a PhD dissertation. 2-There is no conflict of interest between the authors of the article. 3-In this article, there is no situation that requires the permission of the ethics committee and/or legal/special permission. 4-This article adheres to research and publication ethics. This article was checked by iThenticate. Similarity Index 17%
Sarah Kane’s Phaedra’s Love can be described as a prominent play written in a chaotic time since it narrates the story of violence and power reflecting the dark background of society. She makes readers aware of social corruption through the in-yer-face theatre. It addresses the most primitive instinct of humanity (violence), to constitute an atmosphere in which the audience faces grim realities of life. Sarah Kane distinguishes herself from previous playwrights by presenting the realities. The writer also assigns significant roles to the characters to deal with problems they have, and they make their own choice by bringing about violence, committing suicide, and rape. From this angle, it is possible to analyse Phaedra’s Love from the Foucauldian approach concentrating on the relationship between violence and power. Therefore, this study aims to examine the concept of violence and power by applying the Foucauldian approach in Sarah Kane’s sensational play, Phaedra’s Love.
Alice Walker'ın kaleme aldığı Possessing the Secret of Joy adlı eser, Afrikalıların Batılılar ile farkında olmadan yaptıkları iş birliğinin sadece kendi doğal kaynaklarını değil, aynı zamanda sömürü ve kadın sünneti yoluyla kendi toplumlarını da yok etmelerine dikkat çeken bir romandır. Bununla birlikte, Afrikalıların aç gözlülükleri ve ilkel geleneklerine körü körüne bağlılıkları nedeniyle kendi sonlarını nasıl hazırladıklarını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu açıdan, bu makalenin amacı Afrikalı kadınların sünnetten kaynaklı çektikleri acılara ışık tutmak ve Afrikalıların doğal ekosistemin tahribatı konusunda Batı ile bilinçsizce iş birliği yaptıklarında nasıl varlıklarını yitirdiklerini açığa çıkarmaktır. Araştırmanın bulguları, Afrikalıların kendi doğalarını Batılılar ile iş birliği yaparak yok ettiklerinde ve de kadınların sünnet edildiğinde ortaya çıkacak olumsuz etkilerinin farkında olmadıklarını göstermektedir.
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