In addition to their operational efficiency, the service level based performance dimensions of transit systems has begun to attract the attention of several researchers in recent years. The consideration of both operational efficiency and service level performance enables a more comprehensive performance evaluation for bus transit operators. This study aims to investigate the operational efficiency and service level performance of public transportation companies with data envelopment analysis (DEA). However, DEA might assign some highly efficiently operating routes as benchmarks to inefficient ones despite some unsatisfactory service level performance, and vice versa. This benchmarking might help to improve one performance dimension but can result in worsening the other. To overcome this problem, the two-model approach introduced by Shimshak and Lenard (INFOR 45(3):143-151, 2007) is utilized to determine the best performing routes. This approach removes the high operational efficient routes with low service level performance and high service level performers but operationally inefficient routes from the analysis and helps to define best performing benchmarks being able to enhance both operational efficiency and service level performance. At the end of the study, a critique of the two-model approach is presented. This paper makes three contributions to the practice of transit performance evaluation. First, it puts forward the necessity of multi-objectivity for the subunits of transit systems. Second, it demonstrates the applicability of the two-model approach in the transportation & Samet Güner
The purpose of this study is to examine the evolutionary development of green management. To do this, first, Kuhn's ''paradigm'' concept has been operationalized and the development stages of a movement of thought were determined. The green management is then scrutinized within the framework of each of these stages and the impacts of environmentalism in management research and practice are examined. It is concluded that the crises in normal science, existence of a scientific community, the presence of common beliefs, values and norms, and the increasing anomalousness are strengths of the green management. However, the core position of profit orientation in business strategies weakens the green management.
In the port operating process, it is aimed to use various infrastructure and superstructure inputs for freight handling and serving ships and intended to generate revenue from handled freights and served ships. Therefore, two sequential stages appear in the port operating process. In this process, the outputs from the first stage are the inputs to the second stage. Port managers would aim to maximize the freight handled and the number of served ships with using the existing resources in the first stage and then, maximize the revenue from handled freights and served ships in the second stage. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) which is the most widely used technique to estimate port efficiency was designed for the single stage processes and it is inadequate in two-stage operations. In order to overcome this limitation, some DEA based two-stage techniques were developed and used. In this study, a two-stage DEA model was proposed for measuring the port efficiency and applied to a number of Turkish ports. Results show that two-stage DEA approach provides more proper results than those in single stage DEA when there are sequential stages. It is expected that the proposed two-stage DEA model may contribute both literature and practice.
Keywords: Efficiency, two-stages, port, data envelopment analysis Jel Code: C19, C44, I18
LİMAN ETKİNLİĞİ ÖLÇÜMÜNDE İKİ AŞAMALI BİR MODEL ÖNERİSİ VE TÜRK LİMANLARI ÜZERİNDE BİR UYGULAMA
ÖzetLiman işletim sürecinde, çeşitli altyapı ve üstyapı girdilerini kullanarak yük elleçlemek ve limana gelen gemilere hizmet vermek, elleçlenen bu yüklerden ve hizmet verilen gemilerden de gelir elde etmek amaçlanır. Dolayısıyla, liman işletim sürecinde karşımıza birbirini takip eden iki aşamalı bir süreç çıkmaktadır. Bu süreçte birinci aşamanın çıktıları, ikinci aşamanın girdilerini oluşturmaktadır. Liman yönetimi, birinci aşamada kullanılan kaynaklar ile en yüksek seviyede yük elleçlemeyi ve en fazla sayıda gemiye hizmet vermeyi, ikinci aşamada ise elleçlenen bu yüklerden ve hizmet verilen gemilerden maksimum seviyede gelir elde etmeyi amaçlar. Liman etkinliğinin ölçülmesinde en sık kullanılan yöntem olan Veri Zarflama Analizi (VZA), tek bir sürecin etkinliğini ölçmek için tasarlanmıştır. Birbirini takip eden bir sürecin etkinliğini ölçmek için ise VZA temelli çeşitli iki aşamalı etkinlik ölçüm teknikleri geliştirilmiştir. Bu araştırmada, liman etkinliklerinin ölçümünde kullanılabilecek iki aşamalı bir VZA modeli önerilmiş ve Türk limanları üzerinde uygulanmıştır. Sonuçlar, birbirini takip eden süreçler söz konusu olduğunda, iki aşamalı modelin liman performansını tek aşamalı VZA'ya göre daha doğru bir şekilde değerlendirdiğini göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada önerilen iki aşamalı VZA modelinin hem literatüre hem de uygulamaya katkı yapması beklenmektedir.
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