Limited investor attention allows overvalued companies to engage in stock-financed acquisitions of listed target firms without experiencing significant reductions in their existing valuations. Our robust findings show that overvalued stock-paying acquirers that are subject to limited investor attention do not experience significant announcement period wealth losses. However, the overvaluation of these acquirers is corrected in the post-announcement period. On the contrary, the overvalued acquirers that receive high investor attention and use stock as the payment method in their listed-target acquisitions experience negative announcement period abnormal returns. The widely documented evidence that stock-financed acquisitions are associated with significant announcement period wealth losses is primarily driven by deals in which the acquirers are subject to high investor attention. K eywords: investor attention, corporate takeovers, payment method, acquirer abnormal returns. JE L Classification: G34. We are grateful to comments and suggestions offered by the participants of the 14th INFINITI Conference on International Finance, Dublin, Ireland, June 2016 and the BAFA Scottish Area Group meeting, Strathclyde, UK, August 2016. The authors are also grateful for comments and suggestions offered by Faten Hammoud, Marc Morris and the participants in the seminar series of the School of Economics and Finance at the University of St. Andrews. Any remaining errors remain are ours.Investor attention affects the reaction to announced takeovers Low attention incentivizes overvalued firms to engage in stock-financed M&As These acquirers realize limited announcement period losses The overvaluation of these acquirers is only corrected in the long-run *Highlights (for review) AbstractLimited investor attention allows overvalued companies to engage in stock-financed acquisitions of listed target firms without experiencing significant reductions in their existing valuations. Our robust findings show that overvalued stock-paying acquirers that are subject to limited investor attention do not experience significant announcement period wealth losses. However, the overvaluation of these acquirers is corrected in the post-announcement period. On the contrary, the overvalued acquirers that receive high investor attention and use stock as the payment method in their listed-target acquisitions experience negative announcement period abnormal returns. The widely documented evidence that stock-financed acquisitions are associated with significant announcement period wealth losses is primarily driven by deals in which the acquirers are subject to high investor attention.

In this article, based on both parametric and non-parametric methods, we provide a robust solution to the long-standing issue on how earnouts in corporate takeovers are structured and how their structure influences the takeover premia and the abnormal returns earned by acquirers. First, we quantify the effect of the terms of earnout contract (relative size and length) on the takeover premia. Second, we demonstrate how adverse selection considerations lead the merging firms to set the initial payment in an earnout financed deal at a level that is lower than, or equal to, the full deal payment in a comparable non-earnout financed deal. Lastly, we show that while acquirers in non-earnout financed deals experience negative abnormal returns from an increase in the takeover premia, this effect is neutralised in earnout financed deals.

Monetary policy influences a wide range of Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) outcomes. First, an increase in the federal funds rate predicts a negative market reaction to M&A announcements, an increase in the likelihood of deal withdrawal, and significant financing challenges for the acquirer in the post-acquisition phase. Second, M&As announced during periods of high monetary policy uncertainty are associated with significant declines in acquirer value. This negative market reaction reflects a unique discount to compensate for the high riskiness of M&As in an uncertain monetary environment. Finally, we show that monetary contraction, rather than monetary policy uncertainty, is a key contributor to the decline in aggregate M&A activity.

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Where a licence is displayed above, please note the terms and conditions of the licence govern your use of this document. When citing, please reference the published version. Take down policy While the University of Birmingham exercises care and attention in making items available there are rare occasions when an item has been uploaded in error or has been deemed to be commercially or otherwise sensitive.