Leukocytes play an important role in maintaining the normal function of human immune systems and differ in structure and function. [1,2] For instance, B lymphocytes can produce antibodies to defend the body against foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses. Abnormal leukocyte differential counts are indications of malfunctions of the immune system or infectious diseases. [3] For instance, a sharp increase in neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio serves as an independent risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection. [4,5] To differentiate basic leukocyte types, volume and granularity parameters are often measured through electrical impedance and light scatteringbased cytometry techniques. [6,7] For more complex leukocyte types with similar morphologies (e.g., B and T lymphocytes), fluorescent molecules bound with antibodies that specifically target the proteins expressed on the surface are typically used as probes and the fluorescence emission can be captured by detectors for population counting. Although
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