Biological control of Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitz. Meloidogyne incognita (Chitwood. 1949) disease complex in chilli with organic amendments viz., Farm yard manure and neem cake were field evaluated. The antagonistic organisms used were Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum (antagonists against Pythium aphanidermatum) and Paecilomyces lilacinus (antagonist against Meloidogyne incognita). The incidence of damping-off of chilli was significantly reduced in all the treatments, when the seeds were treated with antagonistic organisms and the soil was amended with the organic amendments 15 days before sowing viz., Farm yard manure or neem cake at the rate of 20 t/ha. The dry shoot and root weights were increased in T. viride + neem cake treatment followed by T. viride + farm yard manure treatment and the root-knot index was verymuch reduced in P.lilacinus + neem cake treatment followed by T. viride + farm yard manure treatment and the root-knot index was very much reduced in P.lilacinus + neem cake treatment and in P. lilacinus + Farm yard manure treatment.
The greengram genotyope COGG 902 is a hybrid derivative of WGG 37 x CO 5. The culture recorded an average seed yield of 982 kg ha" with 25.4, 20.4 and 20.7 per cent increased yield over Vamban 1 (783 kg ha'), CO 5 (815 kg ha¹) and KM 2 (814 kg ha) respectively. It showed resistance to yellow mosaic virus. It is suited for sowing during June-July, Sept-Oct, and Feb-March in all the districts of Tamil Nadu except Nilgiris and Kanyakumari. Hence the culture COGG 902 was released as CO 6 green gram for commercial cultivation in Tamil Nadu during 1999.
To assess the extent of variability, heritability, genetic advance present in 45 Fi's and their 10 parents a study was undertaken at the Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Lam. both under protected and unprotected environments. The PCV, GCV heritability and genetic advance values were comparatively high for seed cotton yield and number of bolls per plant indicating the operation of additive gene action. The correlation analysis indicated that number of bolls, sympodia and plant height had significant, positive correlation with seed cotton yield in both the environments. Die weightage may be given to these characters while developing high yielding varieties / hybrids with built in resistance to bollworms.
In-vitro efficacy tests of Disfect-S (Poly alkyl monohydric phenol) on the viability of infective propagules of silkworm disease at varying concentrations of 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0%, 2.0% & 3.0% were carried out. Efficacy of 'Disfect- S as surface sterilant of silkworm eggs was tested at concentrations of 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8% and 1.0% with treatment durations of 1 min, 2 min, 5 min, 10 min and 20 min. The viability and the infectivity of Nosema bombycis spores was inactivated at 0.4% with 5 min. of treatment duration and the infectivity of conidia of Beauveria bassiana was completely arrested at 0.8% with 5 min. duration whereas Nuclear polyhedra virus (BmNPV) were completely inactivated at 0.8% for 10 minutes treatment duration. Disfect-S was highly effective as surface sterilant of silkworm eggs at 0.4% with 2 min. duration treatment without any deleterious effect on hatching. The present study gives an higher scope for Disfect-S as potential commercial disinfectant in sericulture.
An experiment was conducted to study the effect of gossypol gland density in different plant parts in relation to bollworm incidence (Helicoverpa armigera) and seed cotton yield in 10 bollworm donor lines and their 45 F1's obtained in 10 x 10 diallel fashion (without reciprocals). A wide range of variability was observed for gossypol gland number, size and volume per unit arca on leaf, bract and calyx surfaces both in parents and hybrids. The present study revealed that both in parents and hybrids, the nature of relationship between gland density in different plant parts and bollworm incidence in reproductive parts did not follow similar trend. The study also revealed the scope for utilisation of high gossypol gland density on leaf, bract and calyx in future breeding programmes for development of high yielding cotton cultivars with inbuilt mechanism for bollworm tolerance especially for H. armigera.
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