La nécessité d'habilitation des plantes utilisées en médecine traditionnelle africaine a suscité des investigations sur Momordica charantia Linn (Cucurbitaceae) dont les connaissances sont empiriques. L'étude ethnobotanique a été menée dans quatre (4) régions du Sénégal pendant la campagne 2016/2017, dans le but de préciser ses différents usages en pratiques médicales et voire alimentaires. Lesrésultats montrent que les feuilles et la tige sont utilisées chacune dans 91,50% des cas. Elles sont utilisées essentiellement pour traiterles dermatoses (92%), la fatigue (90,5%), les maux de ventre (90,5%), le paludisme (87,5%), les hémorroïdes (56,5%). Les fruits, baies de petites tailles, de 5 à 15 cm de diamètre, jaune orangéavec une pulpe rouge sont consommés dans 38% des cas mais ne font l'objet d'aucune transformation. Les graines de 10 à 16 mm ne sont aucunement pas consommées au Sénégal même si elles contiennent de l'huile. Ces premiers résultats constituent une contribution dans la mise en place d'une base de données ethnobotanique sur Momordica charantia au Sénégal et ouvrent des perspectives de recherche sur l'apport nutritionnel du fruit et de la composition de son huile.
In Africa, traditional vegetable oil extraction often involves the use of plants in the manufacturing process. Quassia undulata oil is thus traditionally prepared. An expedition went to Kédougo (a region in southeastern Senegal involving women of the Bassaris community) in June 2018 to study the Q. undulata oil traditional extraction mode. Thus, the objective of this study is to follow the traditional extraction of Q. undulata oil and to perform the physico-chemical analysis of the obtained oil. Oil samples taken after the survey allowed the oil physico-chemical characterization. The traditional oil extraction made by four women from Eganga, Ethiolo, and Ebarack's villages reveals oil clear that is solid at room temperature. The study of the established chart revealed the use of Pilliostigma thonnintigi leaves during the oil preparation. The oil shows characteristics comparable to shea butter, and the oil stability can be compared to the corn and peanut oil one. The physicochemical analysis showed oil solid at room temperature with an acid value between 1.223 ± 0.013 and 7.333 ± 0.465. The saponification value was between 190.489 ± 3.083 and 199.732 ± 3.107, and the peroxide value between 4.453 ± 0.042 and 8.644 ± 0.285. The iodine values were between 21.455 ± 2.440 and 38.068 ± 0.082, and the refractive index 1.462 -1.463. Q. undulata oil offers several technological perspectives. However, it would be interesting to study the impact of P. thonnintigi leaves during extraction. The fatty acid profile should also be determined.
Highly prized by consumers, watermelon is rich in water, but also in micronutrients including lycopene, pigment responsible for the red color. It is also a powerful antioxidant which has many virtues including the prevention and treatment of certain diseases. The transformation into nectar of watermelons combined with treatment could cause several modifications including the alteration of coloring. It is in this context that this study focuses on the variation of the lycopene content in nectars. Thus, nectars of 12 ˚Brix and 15 ˚Brix were prepared from three varieties of watermelon (Sugar Baby, Crimson Sweet and Charleston Gray). To study the stability, two pasteurization scales (85˚C/15min and 95˚C/15min) and one sterilization scale (105˚C/15min) were applied to the different nectars produced. The results obtained showed that the Sugar Baby variety is richer in lycopene (24.39 mg•kg −1 ) with a higher pH (5.80). In addition, the study showed, for the Sugar Baby variety, an increase of lycopene with the addition of sugar and the heat treatment (a maximum of 42.83 mg•kg −1 for SbF 12 T 105 ). On the other hand, for the Crimson Sweet and Charleston varieties, the highest rate of lycopene, except the heat-treated ones, are those formulated at 12 ˚B (10.46 mg•kg −1 for CrF 12 T 105 and 18.40 mg•kg −1 for ChF 12 T 105 ). Without any health consequences, the formulation combined with heat treatment would preserve the lycopene content of watermelon nectars.
In this study, the influence of provenance and extraction methods on the physicochemical properties and the antioxidant potential of M. charantia seeds oil were evaluated. The oil is obtained on the one hand by cold extraction with hexane and on the other hand by hot extraction with soxhlet. The results obtained show that the extraction yield is significantly impacted by the extraction methods and the origin of the seeds. In addition, the soxhlet extraction gives a higher oil yield (32.07 ± 0.01). Cold extraction has made it possible to obtain oils with less attenuated physicochemical characteristics. Indeed, the acid numbers are high in the oils extracted by soxhlet (5.92 ± 0.25; 4.25 ± 0.62 and 13.86 ± 0.83) than in those cold extracted with very low peroxide for all the oils obtained. On the other hand, the iodine and refractive indices are high in oils obtained cold (91.58 ± 0.85; 100.74 ± 0.03 and 102.08 ± 0.28) (1.53 ± 0.01; 1.52 ± 0.01 and 1.52 ± 0.01) with low saponification indices. The polyphenol concentrations and the anti-free radical activity are higher with the oils obtained cold (0.086 ± 0.001; 0.08 ± 0.000 and 0.09 ± 0.01 mgEAG/g of oil) and (DPPH) (55.75% ± 1.16%; 55.03% ± 0.72% and 56.35% ± 0.45%). The color parameters (L*, a* and b*) of the different oils extracted also vary depending on the extraction method used. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis were performed on the physicochemical properties and the antioxidant potential of the extracted oils. Therefore, the results suggest cold extraction to obtain a good quality and oxidation resistant oil.
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