Introduction
:
Considering the practice of preoperative fasting based on observations on the
gastric emptying delay after induction and the time of this fast is closely
linked to organic response to trauma, arise the question about preoperative
fasting period necessary to minimize such response and support the
professional with clinical and scientific evidence.
Aim
:
To review the aspects related to the abbreviation of preoperative fasting
from the metabolic point of view, physiology of gastric emptying, its
clinical benefits and the currently recommendations.
Method
:
Literature review was based on articles and guidelines published in English
and Portuguese, without restriction of time until January 2017, in PubMed,
SciELO and Cochrane with the descriptors: surgery, preoperative fasting,
carbohydrate. From the universe consulted, 31 articles were selected.
Results
:
The literature suggests that the abbreviation of fasting with beverage added
carbohydrates until 2 h before surgery, can bring benefits on glycemic and
functional parameters, reduces hospitalization, and does not present
aspiration risk of healthy patients undergoing elective surgery. Another
nutrient that has been added to the carbohydrate solution and has shown
promising results is glutamine.
Conclusion
:
The abbreviation of preoperative fasting with enriched beverage with
carbohydrates or carbohydrate and glutamine seems to be effective in the
care of the surgical patient, optimizing the recovery from of postoperative
period.
Objective:To describe the prevalence of short stature among children of Karapotó ethnic background.Methods:Cross-sectional, population-based study that included children between 6 and 59 months of age from the Plak-Ô native village and the Terra Nova settlement, São Sebastião, Alagoas, carried out between 2008 and 2009. Short stature was evaluated by the Height/Ageindex, using as cutoff z score≤−2. The prevalence of short stature was determined by compa-ring simple and relative frequencies. The population growth curves were compared to the WHO reference curves. Data analysis included the outcome variable: Height/Age and the predictor variables: place of residence, gender, age, anemia, birth weight, family income, maternal literacy. The chi-square test was used to compare the categorical variables, where as the chi-square test with Yates correction was used for dichotomous variables, considering as statistically significant p-values≤0.05.Results:The prevalence of short stature was 15.6% for children from the Terra Nova settlement and 9.1% for those from Plak-Ô native village. The prevalence of short stature among the Karapotó ethnicity was 13.4%. The variables: maternal literacy, family income and low birth weight were statistically associated with short stature.Conclusions:The observed short stature prevalence rates are significant, being characterized as a public health problem. Among the associated factors, the following are noteworthy: unfavorable conditions of maternal literacy, family income and low birth weight. The planning of strategies to reverse the situation must take such factors into consideration.
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