In the present study, a total of eleven Aphidiinae parasitoid species belonging to six genera (Aphidius Nees, Binodoxys Mackauer, Diaeretiella Starý, Ephedrus Haliday, Lysiphlebus Foerster and Praon Haliday) were recorded from three aphid species [Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) and Sitobium avenae (F.)] feeding on four cereal plants (Avena sativa L., Hordeum vulgare L., Triticum aestivum L. and Zea mays L.) in Egypt. An illustrated key of the recorded aphidiines, the tritrophic (parasitoid-aphid-plant) associations and their distribution in the target area are also provided. Among the emerged parasitoids, Aphidius ervi Haliday is a new record for the fauna of Egypt. Aphidius transcaspicus Telenga and Binodoxys angelicae (Haliday) are reported for the first time to be associated with aphids infesting cereals in Egypt.
Background To evaluate the effect of daclatasvir and sofosbuvir on auditory function in hepatitis C patients. Thirty hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients were included in this study with age ranged from 22 to 55 years. All patients underwent full audiological evaluation before beginning and after completion of their treatment with combination of daclatasvir and sofosbuvir. Result When the results of audiological data were compared before and after treatment, we found that; there were statistically significant differences in the pure tone audiometry (PTA) threshold and ART bilaterally mainly in the high frequency region. Transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) reproducibility showed a statistically significant difference bilateral. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) findings. Conclusion and recommendations The combination therapy of daclatasvir and sofosbuvir used in patients with HCV led to deterioration in the hearing threshold in the basic audiological tests (PTA and immitancemetry). In addition, it had an adverse effect on the cochlear OHCs, with no affection on auditory nerve, brain stem functions or in sub-thalamic function, it seems that it had no effect, we cannot confirm. The study evaluate hearing at the end of treatment immediately. We recommend performing a routine monitoring of auditory functions in HCV patients treated with daclatasvir and sofosbuvir combination by specialist for early detection of auditory changes to avoid further damage to auditory system.
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