Workplace violence (WPV) against nurses is a common but neglected problem in Egypt. The objectives are to estimate the prevalence and associated risk factors of different types of violence against nurses working in the emergency hospital compared with those working in non-emergency clinics, circumstances of violence, type of perpetrators, and victims' response. This cross-sectional comparative study was carried out at Mansoura University Hospitals, Egypt, during January 2013. The data were collected through the adapted version of a self-administered questionnaire developed by the International Labor Office/International Council of Nurses/World Health Organization/Public Services International on WPV in the health sector. All types of WPV are common among nurses. Precipitating factors for violent incidents identified by respondents are emergency specialty, having work shift, and younger age. Violent incidents result in work dissatisfaction and consequently impair work productivity. Nurses working in emergency hospital experienced a higher level of different types of WPV. There is an urgent need to formulate and implement a policy for dealing with violent events.

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Urinary catheter is associated with up to 80% of health care-associated UTIs. Therefore, appropriate control measures of CAUTIs are of most importance for health care personnel. The study aimed to design an educational booklet about infection control measures of urinary catheter for Intensive Care Unit nurses. This had done through a hybrid study design: that combined a cross sectional study design, and Delphi, had carried out Intensive Care Unit (ICU), and affiliated to Mansoura University Hospital. on a convenience sample included all on job ICU nurses (144), and a judgmental sample included 15 experts in the felid of education, infection control, and urology to evaluate the designed booklet; using four tools to assess ICU nurses' socio-demographic, and occupational characteristics, as well their knowledge, practice, and attitude about regarding CAUTI and its control measures, in addition to a tool to evaluate the designed educational booklet. Results illustrated that, 61.1%, 52.8%, and 75.0% of ICU nurses had poor total knowledge score, proper total practice score, and total positive attitude score; regarding urinary catheter and catheter associated urinary tract infections respectively, finally, all fifteen experts as well, fifteen ICU nurses had consensuses to all evaluation elements of the designed educational booklet in second Delphi's round. Finally, it is recommended to adopt, as well available of the designed educational booklet to nurses in their work settings, and on job training programs to nurses on infection control of urinary catheter.

Ventilator associated pneumonia is an ongoing iatrogenic burden within the healthcare system for pediatrics .so most of critically ill children experience Ventilator Associated Pneumonia and it is the most fatal of hospital acquired infections, with high mortality rates. Nurses play a serious role in prevention of it by adherence to infection preventive measures. This study aimed to assess nurses' knowledge and performance regarding infection preventive measures of ventilators associated pneumonia Method: Across section study design was utilized. Setting: The study was conducted at Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Unit at Mansoura University Children Hospital (MUCH). Tool I: Nurses' socio demographic and occupational characteristics self-administrated questionnaire. Tool II: Nurses' knowledge self-administrated questionnaire to examine nurses' level of knowledge regarding infection preventive measures for VAP. Tool III: The researcher developed this observational checklist to assess nurses' level of performance regarding infection preventive measures for VAP. Results: the current study indicates that, 90% and 96.7% of the studied nurses have poor total knowledge scores level and classified as beginner with total performance score level respectively regarding VAP infection preventive measures. Conclusion: The study concluded that, most of studied nurses have poor total knowledge score level regarding VAP infection preventive measures. Concerning studied nurses' total performance score level about VAP infection preventive measures, ventilator care measures, suction care, oral care and preventive measures for peptic ulcer and deep vein thrombosis, score level of most of them were classified as beginner. Recommendation: develop and implement on job training sessions for newly hired nurses regarding VAP infection preventive measures.

Kidney stone disease (KSD) is a worldwide disease leading to more than one million emergency department visits each year. The current study aimed to assess risk factors for formulation of kidney stone among adult males, through a casecontrol study which was conducted at outpatient clinics of nephrology, urology and general medicine in Nephrology and Urology, Mit-Ghamer Hospital, affiliated to Ministry of Health and Population on a convenience sample of 158 case, and 158 control. The researcher developed a structured interview to assess on socio-demographic characteristics, health status, and life style of case and control groups. Results illustrated that, case group had significant higher number of relatives with KSD (63.3%, n=100) than those in control group (17.1%, n= 27) with 2 = 70.15, P= 0.000, urinary tract infection, recurrent pelvic, and renal inflammations, and insertion of urinary catheter, were higher in case group then in control group (X 2 =55. 71, 81.99, 78.50, and 47.16, respectively and p =0.00), as well 74.1% (117) of case group was obese, compared to only 44.3%(70) of control group. We can conclude that: health status factors as well, life style factors can contribute to be risk factors of kidney stones formulation in adult males including; dietary habits and inadequate water drinking. Finally the researcher has recommended reusing awareness of public about risk factors of kidney stones, and carrying out further researches on larger sample to investigate risk factors of kidney stones among Egyptian's males.

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a disease of significant global impact, every family in Egypt is touched by hepatitis C virus infection, this blood borne virus which is highly infectious. The aim of study: to assess the hepatitis C virus patients' adherence to infection control precautions at homes Materials and methods: A cross sectional design was utilized in this study; the study was conducted at the outpatient clinics in El-Salam International Hospital affiliated to Ministry of Health and Population at Mansoura City. The sampling method used was convenient sample included 430 hepatitis C virus patients who attended to outpatient clinic in El-Salam International Hospital affiliated to Ministry of Health and Population at Mansoura City to receive hepatitis C virus treatment. Tools: Three structured interviewing tools were used to assess socio-demographic and economic data, adherence of patients to infection control precautions at homes and factors that hinder the patients from adherence to infection control precautions at homes. The data were analyzed using SPSS (Stand for statistical product and service solutions) version 16.Results: revealed that there was highly statistical significance relationship between sociodemographic characteristics of patients and their adherence to infection control precautions at homes. Conclusion: Regarding patients' total adherence score to infection control precautions at home most of the patients were not adhered and more than one third of the patients did not do anything to adhere to infection control precautions at homes Recommendation: Providing Continuous educational programs for patients and their families about hepatitis C to avoid complications of hepatitis C

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Background: Adolescence is a crucial phase of life and encompasses a nice result on the adolescent period. It's a time once teenagers develop the information, attitudes and skills that facilitate them to become sexually healthy. Aim of the study: this study aimed to assess University females' knowledge regarding sexual health education. Method: Descriptive study was conducted among (585) adolescent girls registered at Mansoura university at the first, second and third years with, Mansoura University, Egypt. Data were collected using three tools; the first tool was a structured questionnaire which included socio-demographic data, second tool was self-administered questionnaire to assess university females' knowledge and cultural preferences, third tool was attitude scale to assess university females' attitude, the fourth tool was self-administered questionnaire to assess university female sexual health education methods and preferences. The study was conducted from August 2013to February 2014. Results: The mean age of the adolescent girls was 19±0.66 years; about three fourths were belonging to middle social class. The participants showed poor score level of knowledge in relation to definition and changes of maturation, wet dreams, masturbation, abnormal sexual behavior, sexual transmitted disease. The main sources of knowledge were friends, families, mass media and internet. Conclusion: The main conclusion drawn from the current study is that the majority of the adolescent girls had poor score level of knowledge regarding sex education. Recommendations: It was recommended to apply professional, comprehensive and individualized sex education focusing on improving the knowledge and increasing awareness of adolescent girls to improve their sexual health and prevent potential sexual transmitted diseases.