Despite the high rate of smoking cessation treatment non-response, relatively little empirical work has examined predictors of treatment non-response. The present study sought to explore the effect of smoking outcome expectancies on treatment response in a sample of treatment-seeking adult daily smokers (N = 182; 53.3% female; Mage = 40.67; SD = 13.63). Results indicated that expectancies for smoking to reduce negative affect were related to an increased likelihood of treatment non-response (OR = 0.73, CI: 0.54, 0.98). These findings remained significant after controlling for sex, presence of Axis I disorder, tobacco-related health problems, tobacco dependence, anxiety sensitivity, and condition assignment as well as other smoking expectancy dimensions. Post hoc analyses revealed that this relation was stronger for smokers in the integrated care condition vs. the standard care condition (Interaction: OR = 1.69, CI: 1.05, 2.73). Additionally, expectancies for smoking to enhance positive affect and provide sensory satisfaction were associated with an increased likelihood of treatment response in the standard care condition. The current findings suggest expectancies that smoking will alleviate negative affect may be a risk factor of smoking cessation treatment non-response. Additionally, findings provide evidence that the relation between smoking expectancies and treatment non-response may differ by smoking cessation treatment.
: Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Efforts have been made to develop effective, integrated smoking-cessation treatments for individuals with greater difficulty quitting, including individuals with elevated anxiety sensitivity (AS). Despite initial evidence for the efficacy of these treatments, little is understood about pretreatment predictors of early treatment milestones, including treatment initiation and response. Positive affectivity (PA) and negative affectivity (NA) are unique mood traits that may be related to early treatment milestones. Indeed, PA and NA are related to smoking and mood outcomes generally. Yet, it is presently unknown if pretreatment PA or NA predict early treatment milestones within the context of an integrated smoking-cessation treatment. The current study sought to evaluate the independent effect of PA and NA on early treatment milestones within the context of an integrated smoking-AS treatment protocol. Smoking and AS outcomes were evaluated independently. Participants included 288 (50% female; Mage = 38.66, SD = 13.67) treatment-seeking adult daily cigarette users. Results indicated that higher pretreatment NA was associated with an increased likelihood of early dropout versus responding to treatment across both outcomes (smoking: odds ratio [OR] 0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.88-0.99; AS: OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.88-0.98). Pretreatment PA did not significantly differentiate any of the groups. Overall, the present study serves as an initial investigation of the role of pretreatment NA in identifying those at greatest risk for dropping out of treatment (cf. responding to treatment).
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.