This paper provides a checklist and summary of what is currently known of the variation in infant contact, sleeping site preference and aspects of social cohesion in the nocturnal primates of Africa. Genera and species are compared, based on previously unpublished field observations and a review of the literature. There is a clear pattern of similarity between the species within each genus and distinct differences between genera. Species in the same genus tend to be ecologically equivalent and replace each other allopatrically, whereas species in different genera are more likely to be sympatric, with up to 6 species living together. Maximum sympatry within genera is found in Otolemur and Galagoİdes, where species are ecologically divergent. This may reflect an ancient origin of species within these genera or suggest that further taxonomic revision is required at the generic level. Some data are recorded for the first time for species that have only recently been separated (cryptic species), but some taxa remain very poorly known. It is concluded that field studies are still at an elementary stage and further research with radio tracking is urgently needed in the face of rapidly declining habitats.
Daß Polyamidoantimon‐Anionen robuste und wirksame Liganden sein können, belegt die Synthese von 1 aus 2 und CuCl. Das Cu4‐Gerüst von 1 ist nahezu perfekt quadratisch‐planar. Im Bild rechts fehlen die Cyclohexyl(Cy)‐Substituenten.
COMMUNICATIONSdroxylated with OsO,/N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide which resulted in two diols 10 and 13 in a ratio of 1 : 1 . The chiral centers of olefin 9. therefore, have no controlling influence on the dihydroxylation. The observed stereocontrol is due solely to the Sharpless dihydroxylation reagent. Diols 10 and 13 can be converted by a multiple five-membered-ring-selective Williamson reaction analogous to the reaction in Scheme 2 into the dimeric tetrahydrofuranols 11 and 14, respectively, and subsequently to the corresponding disilyl ethers 12 and 15.The enantiomerically pure alkenes 4 and 9 were prepared by standard methods (Scheme 4). The double alkylation of acetylene with bromide 1619] and the subsequent (E)-selective reduction to the olefin yielded compound 9. Reaction of two equivalents of alkyne 19 with one equivalent of dibromide 18"01 and subsequent (E)-selective reduction to the olefin yielded diene 4.The synthetic sequence of reagent-controlled, diastereoselective dihydroxylation and multiple five-membered-ring-selective Williamson reaction presented here opens up an efficient, bidirectional route to the enantiomerically pure oligo(tetrahydr0-furan)s.
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