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In this study, Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 magnetic nanoparticles are modified with EDTA and used as a selective and efficient adsorbent for the removal of Cu 2+ and Cd 2+ heavy metals. The Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2-EDTA nano composite is characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller. Nanoparticles are separated by an external magnet after the adsorption process. Adsorption equilibrium is achieved in 60 min, and the maximum removal of metal ions is obtained at pH 7. Isotherm analysis indicated that the adsorption data fit well to the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacities are 79.4 and 73.5 mg/g for Cu 2+ and Cd 2+ , respectively. In addition, adsorption kinetic data agree with pseudo-second-kinetic order for both tested metal ions. Also, the adsorption process efficiency is investigated in the presence of K + , Na + , Mg 2+ , and Ca 2+ cations at the optimal conditions. This study indicates that the Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2-EDTA is a rapid, efficient, and reusable sorbent to remove Cd 2+ and Cu 2+ cations from contaminated aquatic solution.

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Abstract:Offering a PSS that is based on co-creating value with customer, starts with understanding customer needs. Customer understanding is realized through the process of managing customer knowledge across a PSS value network. In this respect, customer knowledge management (CKM) is seen as a core business capability. We extend the notion of CKM capability to a PSS value network, defining it as a value network CKM (VN-CKM) capability. We also look at the supportive IT capability, which we define as the value network social customer relationship management (VN-SCRM) capability. At operational level VN-CKM and VN-SCRM capabilities are reflected in the execution of business processes and information systems. To achieve BIA, a linkage is required between the VN-CKM capability and the VN-SCRM capability and between its accompanying business processes and systems. If in the process of VN-CKM, activities such as creation, storage/retrieve, transfer, and usage of customer knowledge are enabled by VN-SCRM systems across a network, the established BIA will support the functioning of the PSS. In this study we discuss the role of a VN-SCRM capability and identify requirement components of accompanying systems in relation to a VN-CKM capability and accompanying processes, in order to foster BIA at a network level.

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Part 8: Business Strategies AlignmentInternational audienceAdvanced information technology (IT) is regarded as a foundation for the operation of product-service system (PSS) value networks. This requires alignment between IT and PSS business strategy. Business‐IT alignment (BIA) in a value network can raise the ability of partners to collaborate effectively and improve network performance. However, the theory of traditional firm‐level BIA is not tailored to the specific situations of PSS value networks. In this paper we investigate the applicability of BIA concepts and definitions at a PSS value network level. Alignment in firm-level literature looked at fit between business and IT capabilities. To substantiate this at a PSS value network level, we identified and classified generic value network business capabilities on the one hand and IT capabilities on the other hand. By exploring and discussing the interrelations between the two types of capability, a conceptual framework for understanding BIA in a PSS value network is derived