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The human eye and tear provide essential physiological information for the detection of ocular dysfunctions and therapy monitoring. The measurements of biomarkers in tear composition are critical for disease diagnosis and early interventions. Hence, significant efforts are dedicated to the development of functional contact lenses that can quantify tear analytes and ocular physiological condition. The combination of microfluidics and contact lens technologies offer real-time monitoring of ocular physiology and timely detection of eye disorders through wireless components. This review discusses the fundamentals of microfluidic contact lenses and their diverse applications in ophthalmic diagnostics and drug delivery. It also elucidates the strategies for the commercialization of microfluidic contact lenses to create clinical and point-of-care products.

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In this paper, free vibration, modal and stress state analyses of honeycomb sandwich structures with different boundary conditions was investigated and major factors affecting the sandwich frequencies and stiffness due to material or parameter changes were determined. The representative volume element (RVE) method used in this work were analytically and numerically validated by comparing the obtained results to those available in literature. Firstly, unit cell method was used to capture the entire effects of different parameters on the free vibration of honeycomb sandwich structure in ANSYS. This study analyzed the natural frequencies of honeycomb sandwich structures with different core materials combination. The effects of foil thickness, boundary conditions, materials selection, density and presence of crack on sandwich structure were taken into consideration and examined. The proposed core had an inbuilt shaped reinforcement with different materials for effective resonance, fatigue and deformation resistance at much higher frequency.

In recent years, with the continuous development of science and technology, the accuracy requirements for flow measurement are also constantly improving. The development of micro flow measurement technology plays a driving role in biomedicine, chemical engineering, semiconductor manufacturing and other fields. In this paper, the relationship between the fluid velocity in the pipe and its pressure on the pipe wall is used to sense the pressure wave generated by the fluid flowing through the pipe through the piezoelectric film, and then measure the small flow in the pipe. A pressure sensitive element was made of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric film, and a real flow experimental platform was built. By processing the voltage signal with flow information collected from the real flow experiment, the voltage fluctuation amplitudes corresponding to 9 flow measurement points are obtained. The flow voltage amplitude characteristic curve is obtained through curve fitting, and the flow measurement sensitivity, relative error and repeatability are calculated. The real flow experiment results verify the feasibility of the micro flow measurement method based on pressure wave. The research of this method is an innovation of micro flow detection method, which has important practical significance.

Excessively high temperatures will interfere with the operation of the components and damage equipment. The key to fixing this is to generate uniform heat dissipation and maximize heat dissipation. This paper proposed a cold plate with three S-type multistage Tesla valves (ST-MSTV). Thermal performance was first evaluated with flow direction and angle. The effects of channel flow direction and valve spacing on the cold plate were then investigated with Ansys Fluent software. The standard deviation of temperature was helpful in representing the uniformity of the temperature of the cold plate. The heat transfer capability of the three-channel ST-MSTV was proven to be effective on the fact that reverse flow causes fluid mixing and vortices. The flow channel form of scheme 2 is better than other schemes, showing the best temperature uniformity and the most effective cooling performance when the valve spacing is 30 mm.