MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a type of small noncoding RNAs that have a vital role in basic biological processes such as cellular growth, division and apoptosis. A change in the expression of miRNAs can induce many diseases. Recently, the role of miRNA in some of the cancers as a tumor suppressor and oncogene has been recognized. Several studies have proved that miR-92a-3p acts as an oncogene in colorectal cancer (CRC). We studied CRC by inhibiting miR-92a-3p in SW48 cells (human colorectal cancer cell line) that were transfected with locked nucleic acid (LNA). At different times, the expression level of miR-92a-3p, cell vitality, apoptosis and necrosis were studied by qRT-PCR, MTT, Annexin-V and propidiumiodide. Our results showed that the expression of miR-92a-3p and proliferation of SW48 cells were decreased, and also a high percentage of SW48 cells were exposed to apoptosis and necrosis (P⩽0.005). Our study showed that the inhibition of miR-92a-3p with LNA inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis and necrosis in CRC.

Background: Breast cancer, as the most frequent cancer diagnosed in women worldwide, is affected by different regulatory mechanisms and cellular processes such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and autophagy, which influence tumor cell progression. MiRNAs play a crucial role in cancer progression. Aberrant miRNA expression has been described in various human cancers. Growing evidence proposes that miRNAs have a considerable role in tumor development and may constitute robust biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate miRNA-638 (miR-638) expression level in breast cancer patients and its bioinformatics analysis. Methods: In this case-control study, miR-638 expression was examined in fresh breast tissues of 47 patients with breast cancer using real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Then the role of miR-638 in various signaling pathways was studied using Target Scan, the MicroRNA-Target Interactions (miRTarBase) database, miRWalk2.0 and the database for annotation, visualization and integrated discovery (DAVID). Results: The miR-638 expression level showed a significant decrease in breast cancer patients. Also, this miRNA might be involved in apoptosis, angiogenesis, and autophagy. Conclusions: According to the results, miR-638 can be used as a potential prognostic biomarker for cancer growth, and its low expression is thought to increase cancer progression by disrupting cell death and autophagy, which are considered as important pathways in breast cancer.

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The glioblastoma multiform has some properties including rapid growth, invasion, treatment resistance, and recurrence. Therefore, new therapies need to be developed that can be approved for using in patients. The previous study showed Arsenic Trioxide inhibits aggressive behavior in glioblastoma cells. Also,epigallocatechin-3-gallate prevents cellular proliferation, and invasion in multiple glioma cells. Resveratrol decreases cellular proliferation, induces cell death, and impaired the invasiveness of glioma cells. Combination therapy to inhibit cancer cells may have important clinical implications. Therefore, to assess the combination therapy of 2 micromole Arsenic trioxide, 100micromole EGCG, and 100micromole Resveratrol, we examined the metabolic activity, colony formation, media pH, cell proliferation, Caspase 3 activity, and gene expression analysis of BCL2, Caspase 3, MMP2, MMP9, CA9, u-PA, u-PAR, and Cathepsin B genes in apoptosis and invasion by both quantitative PCR experiments and Western blot assay. Systems biology tools also were used to obtain, the related network, involved pathways, and identifying the key genes in our selected criteria. The results of the study confirmed that the combined therapy prevents cell proliferation and induces of apoptosis in the Brain tumor cell lines including: U87-MG, A-172, and 1321N1. Furthermore, over-expression of caspase-3 and down-regulation of BCL-2, MMP-2, and MMP-9 confirmed that combination therapy leads to induces apoptosis and decreases invasion. Nevertheless, the lowering of pharmacological doses and improving therapeutic efficacy through combination therapy may provide advantages to treat resistance cancer cells with lower side effects. Finally, the results might suggest new modality for Glioblastoma treatment.

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