The present research aimed at evaluating the effects of sodium selenite and selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) on iron homeostasis and the expression of transferrin and its receptor-binding protein genes. Twenty one Lori-Bakhtiary sheep were randomly allocated into 3 groups. Groups 1 and 2 orally received Se NPs and sodium selenite (1 mg kg(-1)) for 10 consecutive days, respectively. Group 3 served as the control. Blood and sternal bone marrow samples were collected at different supplementation intervals. Various factors such as serum iron concentration, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), and transferrin saturation percent were determined. The expression of transferrin and transferrin binding receptor genes was also studied. Results showed a decreasing trend in serum iron concentration particularly during the early and middle stages of supplementation (0-20 days) with Se NPs or selenium ions. Conversely, the TIBC level increased in sera especially during these periods (0-20 days) in animals that received selenium NPs or selenium ions. Our results also showed that expression of transferrin and its receptor genes was considerably increased during supplementation of the animals by both selenium compounds for 10 or 20 days. After this period, the expression of the mentioned genes significantly decreased, especially in animals that received selenium ions.
Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is an efficient drug for the treatment of the patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Inhibition of proliferation as well as apoptosis, attenuation of migration, and induction of differentiation in tumor cells are the main mechanisms through which ATO acts against APL. Despite advantages of ATO in treatment of some malignancies, certain harmful side effects, such as cardiotoxicity, have been reported. It has been well documented that morphine has antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and cytoprotective properties and is able to attenuate cytotoxicity. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of morphine against ATO toxicity in H9c2 myocytes using multi-parametric assay including thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, caspase 3 activity, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) phosphorylation assay, and expression of apoptotic markers. Our results showed that morphine (1 μM) attenuated cytotoxicity induced by ATO in H9c2 cells. Results of this study suggest that morphine may have protective properties in management of cardiac toxicity in patients who receive ATO as an anti-cancer treatment.
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