This paper is regarding the design and program of a Microcontroller Arduino Uno board using Arduino software to work as a photo-sensor (Active) Single Axis Solar Tracker System (SASTS). A solar panel, two photo-resistors which are also known as Light-Dependent Resistors (LDRs) on two sides (north/south) of the photovoltaic (PV,) and a servo motor are connected to the Uno board, which is previously running a code that is prepared by Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) then it works as a tracking system. Here, the LDRs send the signal of the presence or absence of the light to the board and based on that signal the Uno reflects a new signal to the servo motor to rotate and find the light source. Lastly, the photo sensor single-axis tracker is made. While the system tries to move the panel face to the sun and change the irradiance intensity, in the meantime it starts a search to find the angle of the highest irradiance. Based on the results that are extracted from the data, the tracker system significantly boosts the output power ratio of the solar panel. Through using the Micro-controller Uno board, LDRs, servo motor, and specially designed mechanical base, the tracking system is constructed, determined from acquired data the influence of the STS on increasing the solar panel power ratio is tremendously obvious. Significantly, the tracker system rises the power ratio of the PV system. Significantly, the tracker system raises the power ratio of the PV. As a result, the tracker system remarkably boosts the output power ratio of the solar panel and increases by up to 32.18%.

This paper is regarding design and program an Micro-controller Arduino Uno board by using Arduino software to work as a photo-sensor(Active) single axial solar tracker system(SASTS). A solar panel, two photo-resistors (LDR) in two sides (north/south) of the photo-voltaic(PV) and a servo motor are connected to the Uno board, which is running a code that prepared by Arduino software IDE in advanced then it works as a tracking system. Here, the LDRs send the signal of presence or absence of the light to the board and based on that sent signal the Uno reflects a new signal to the servo motor to rotate and finds the light source. Lastly, the photo-sensor single axis tracker is made while Continuously, the system tries to face the panel to the sun and whilst changing the irradiance intensity it starts searching to find the angle of highest irradiance. Based on results that are extracted from the data, the tracker system significantly boosts the output efficiency of the solar panel. By using the Micro-controller Uno board, LDRs, servo motor and special designed mechanical base, the tracking system is constructed, based on acquired data the influence of the STS on the increasing the solar panel efficiency is more obvious. Significantly, the tracker system rises the efficiency of the PV .

A novel experimental method for power efficiency loss is presented in this paper. It is used to quantitatively determine the impact of dust deposition on the PV power generation panel. To determine the selection range of unknown parameters in the experiment process, a photovoltaic panel with five collected dust samples (Toner (C), Soil, Cement (CaO, SiO4), Gypsum (Ca2SO4.2H2O), and Sand (AL2O3, SiO4)) is designed. According to experimental results, the extinction coefficient for the five pollutants are recorded. Eventually, the impact of dusts on the results is proved by repeating in two continuous days of same conditions. The results show that the proposed process has a high effect on the reduction of output power (62% to 96%), decrease of irradiance (34% to 93%) and increase of output power due to increase of tilt angle as a doubling of power except toner. The experimental and calculated results are in agreement. The results show that non-uniform distribution of dust deposit pollutants on the photovoltaic panel significantly reduces the power output.

A novel experimental method for power efficiency loss is presented in this paper. It is used to quantitatively determine the impact of dust deposition on the PV power generation panel. To determine the selection range of unknown parameters in the experiment process, a photovoltaic panel with five collected dust samples (Toner (C), Soil, Cement (CaO, SiO4), Gypsum (Ca2SO4.2H2O), and Sand (AL2O3, SiO4)) is designed. According to experimental results, the extinction coefficient for the five pollutants are recorded. Eventually, the impact of dusts on the results is proved by repeating in two continuous days of same conditions. The results show that the proposed process has a high effect on the reduction of output power (62% to 96%), decrease of irradiance (34% to 93%) and increase of output power due to increase of tilt angle as a doubling of power except toner. The experimental and calculated results are in agreement. The results show that non-uniform distribution of dust deposit pollutants on the photovoltaic panel significantly reduces the power output.

There is governmental, academic, and business interest in new emerging renewable energy sources, such as solar energy. In particular, how and how much it produces energy and the environmental impact of these sources. To highly benefit from renewable energies, new methods should be utilized. In this paper, the Microcontroller Arduino Uno board has been used and programmed by Arduino software to build a system as a photo-sensor (Active) Single Axis Solar Tracker System (SASTS). The system was created using a solar panel, two Light Dependent Resistance (LDR) have been used on the two sides (north/south) of the photovoltaic (PV), and a servo motor is connected to the Uno board. The tracking system is constructed to procure the data using the Microcontroller Uno board and specially designed mechanical base. Based on the extracted results, the influence of the SASTS on increasing the solar panel performance is more evident than the outcome Maximum Power Point (MPP) of MATLAB Simulink. Continuously, the SASTS searches for the sun and its position in the sky and puts the PV direct to the sun. Significantly, the tracker system raises the power ratio of the PV. As a result, it significantly increases the solar panel's performance and increases by 55.2% on average during the daytime.