Lack of adherence to Hygiene protocols by dentists and those who conduct cosmetic invasive procedures are major causes of HBV infection in Kermanshah and should be more closely supervised. We recommend to read this article by health policy makers, gastroenterologists, hepatologists, infectious especialists and Internists. Background: hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem that affects billions of people worldwide. The lack of information on HBV prevalence among the general population is an obstacle to formulate effective policies to reduce the burden of viral hepatitis. Objectives: This population based serological survey was conducted in Kermanshah province to determine the local prevalence and risk factors of HBV infection. Patients and Methods: 1979 healthy subjects were selected from all districts of Kermanshah province (in the west of Iran) using random cluster sampling. Subjects between 6 and 65 years of age were included with mean age of 35 ± 13. Serum samples were tested for HBcAb, HBsAg and anti-HDV antibody. To carry out lab tests the third generation of ELISA was used. Various risk factors were recorded and multivariate analysis was performed. Results: The prevalence of HBsAg and HBcAb in Kermanshah was 0.75% (95% CI 0.44; 1.21) and 8.28% (95% CI 7.13; 9.56), respectively. One case of HDV-Ab was found. Predictors of HBsAg or HBcAb in multivariate analysis were: old age, being male, history of tattooing and history of dental procedure. Conclusions: approximately 8% and less than 1% of general population in Kermanshah are HBcAb seropositive and active carriers of HBV infection, respectively. Age, sex and history of tattoo and dental procedures are major risk factors of HBV seropositivity in this province.

Long-term course of hemospermia has not been addressed in the sexual medicine literature. We report our 15 years' experience. From 1997 to 2012, 165 patients presented with hemospermia. Mean age was 38 years. Mean follow-up was 83 months. Laboratory evaluation and testis and transabdominal ultrasonography was done in all. Since 2008, all sonographies were done by the first author. One patient had urinary tuberculosis, one had bladder tumor and three had benign lesions at verumontanum. One patient had bilateral partial ejaculatory duct obstruction by stones. All six patients had persistent, frequently recurring or high-volume hemospermia. All pathologies were found in young patients. In the remaining 159 patients (96%), empiric treatment was given with a fluoroquinolone (Ciprofloxacin) plus an nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (Celecoxib). In our 15 years of follow-up, no patient later developed life-threatening disease. Diagnostic evaluation of hemospermia is not worthwhile in the absolute majority of cases. Advanced age makes no difference. Only high-risk patients need to be evaluated. The vast majority of cases may be safely and effectively treated with empiric therapy. Almost all patients do well in long term.

Introduction This is a report of a very rare case of proven postcoital penile drug eruption in a patient following vaginal use of triple sulfa vaginal cream by his partner. Aim To report the rare case of cross-reaction following vaginal use of triple sulfa vaginal cream in partner. Methods A case of postcoital penile drug eruption in a patient following vaginal use of triple sulfa vaginal cream in his partner is presented including subjective reporting, physical examination, and laboratory evaluations. Results We report a 42-year-old man with known sensitivity to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole) who developed a penile drug eruption at the glans after having intercourse with his wife, who was taking sulfathiazole/sulfacetamide/sulfabenzamide (triple sulfa) vaginal cream. The nature of the lesion was confirmed by a rechallenge test. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the fourth case of proven postcoital penile drug eruption in a patient following vaginal use of triple sulfa vaginal cream in his partner. Our case illustrates the importance of history taking. In clinical practice of urology, it is not rare to see patients who present with strange penile lesions following coitus. To reach a correct diagnosis, one should obtain a drug history of the sexual partner and allergic history of the patient in such cases.

Abstract:An 18-year old woman was admitted to Motahari Burn Center suffering from 30% burns. Treatment modalities were carried out for the patient and she was discharged after 20 days. Three to four months later she developed hypertrophic scar on her chest and upper limbs. At the same time she developed galactorrhea in both breasts and had a disturbed menstrual cycle four months post-burn. On investigation, we found hyperprolactinemia and no other reasons for the high level of prolactin were detected.She received treatment for both the hypertrophic scar and the severe itching she was experiencing.After seven months, her prolactin level had decreased but had not returned to the normal level. It seems that refractory hypertrophic scar is related to the high level of prolactin in burns patients.