Field experiments were conducted during 1980‐82 at the Agronomy Farm of the University of California, Davis, to compare fermentable carbohydrate production and cost of potential ethanol from fodderbeet, sweet sorghum, sugarbeet, and corn in relation to the requirements of these crops for fertilizer nitrogen and irrigation. The response of hexose yields of these crops to fertilizer N varied in the two experiments. When all crops responded, sweet sorghum and sugarbeet required 36 % and fodderbeet 68 % of the fertilizer N needed for corn. Twelve weeks following a mid‐season irrigation cut off, hexose yield of sugarbeet was decreased by 18 % as compared to an adequately watered crop. Water stressed sweet sorghum extracted higher amounts of soil moisture, increased in hexose concentration and produced 29 % higher hexose yield than when adequately watered. Stressed sugarbeet, however, had a higher hexose yield due to its higher sugar concentration. When fertilized and irrigated adequately, fodderbeet produced 13.4, sugarbeet 11.9, sweet sorghum 10.0, and corn 8.15 Mg hexose ha−1. Comparative on‐farm ethanol production costs of these four crops were very close ($0.38 to 0.40 L−1). Thus, growing established crops like corn and sugarbeet for which processing facilities and alternative markets already exist would be preferred.
Substantial yield reductions in maize (Zea mays L.) can be attributed to short‐duration drought in rainfed production areas. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of moisture stress in selection environments on response to mass and full‐sib recurrent selection and yield stability when selected materials were evaluated in environments with different levels of moisture stress. Five cycles of mass and full‐sib recurrent selection for grain yield were applied to population AS‐A under irrigated and dryland conditions on sandy textured soils. Selected cycles were evaluated as populations per se, S1 bulks, and in testcross combinations in 21 environments that included low, variable, and high moisture stress trials. Selection responses in populations and stability parameters for all materials were estimated. Under irrigated conditions, mass selection (MI) and full‐sib selection (FI), and full‐sib selection under dryland conditions (FNI) resulted in gains in AS‐A of 10.2, 11.0, and 5.8% per cycle, respectively. Mass selection under dryland conditions (MNI) did not result in significant gains per cycle except high moisture stress environments. Selection increased grain yield mainly by increasing responsiveness under low or variable moisture stress. The relative performance of S1 bulks and testcrosses were similar to relative performance of corresponding populations per se. On average, selection for grain yield under irrigated conditions gave results superior to those obtained from selection under dryland conditions. Selection under irrigation was as effective as selection under dryland conditions for increasing yield in moisture‐stressed environments and resulted in greater responsiveness of selected populations to favorable environments.
The average time required to harvest a carton of lettuce by hand ground pack was 12.67 minutes in 1960-1963 and 3.57 minutes in 1970-1973. The change in the number of harvests, trimming, packing, and method of pay is the reason for the big difference in the time required. Selecting, cutting, and trimming lettuce heads consumed 45.4 to 46.3% of the total harvest time. Film wrapping lettuce heads increases harvest time to 11.19 minutes per carton. An experimental 1-bed harvester increased the man-hour output to 20 cartons, a 3 carton increase over hand ground pack. Estimated cost of harvest with a mechanical harvester would be $.29 per carton, compared with the present cost of $.45. Labor is the major part of harvest costs regardless of method of harvest.
The issues that were identified for detailed consideration are: air quality, solid and hazardous wastes (including liquid waste streams), and water quality. Alternatives Considered in Detail Alternative A (No Action Alternative)-Under the no action alternative, a new automotive/arts and crafts skills center would not be constructed, and adequate facilities would not be provided. The existing facility would operate as it currently exists. Deficiencies would continue to exist. Alternative B (Proposed Action-Construct an Automotive/Arts and Crafts Skills Center West of F Avenue on Hill AFB)-The proposed action would include: • footings and foundations to support a structural steel shell (25,100 ft 2 of building space); • all utilities including mechanical and electrical systems; • parking, concrete sidewalks, and landscaping; and • connections to adjacent buried utilities consisting of water, electricity, natural gas, telephone/data, sanitary sewer, and storm drains. No demolition is currently planned. Building 534 would remain vacant until a new use is identified for it. Decisions That Must Be Made Hill AFB must decide whether to: • not provide a new automotive/arts and crafts skills center (no action), or • provide a new automotive/arts and crafts skills center. • If the decision is to construct a new automotive/arts and crafts skills center, then a decision must be made as to where the facility will be located. If Hill AFB decides to construct a new automotive/arts and crafts skills center, the proponent and environmental managers would comply with the best management practices indicated in this environmental assessment. Further, within 90 days of a written decision pursuant to this environmental assessment, the proponent and environmental managers would then decide if additional monitoring plans and measures, if any, should be implemented. Results of the Environmental Assessment Alternatives A and B were considered in detail. The results of the environmental assessment are summarized in the following table.
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