The electron transport layer (ETL) plays a critical role in high efficiency perovskite solar cells. In this study, an anodic TiO nanotube film was transformed into a TiO nanotube network film, which maintained its advantage as an efficient ETL for perovskite solar cells. Compared with the mesoporous TiO nanoparticle ETL, the TiO nanotube network ETL can increase the efficiency of perovskite solar cells by 26.6%, which is attributed to its superior charge collection property and light trapping ability. The results confirm the importance of optimizing the electron collecting layer and suggest another way to design and fabricate novel perovskite solid state solar cells, potentially by using a TiO nanotube network film as an alternative high efficiency electrode.
An electrochemically stable hybrid structure material consisting of porous silicon (Si) nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is developed as an anode material (Si/rGO/CNT) for full cell lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). In the developed hybrid material, the rGO provides a robust matrix with sufficient void space to accommodate the volume change of Si during lithiation/delithiation and a good electric contact. CNTs act as a mechanically stable and electrically conductive support to enhance the overall mechanical strength and conductivity. The developed Si/rGO/CNT composite anode has been first tested in half cell and then in full cell lithium-ion batteries. In half cell, the composite anode shows a high reversible capacity of 1100 mAh g−1 with good capacity retention over 500 cycles when cycled at 1 A g−1. In a full cell lithium-ion battery paired up with LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NMC) cathodes, the composite anode shows a specific charge capacity of 161.4 mAh g−1 and a discharge capacity of 152.8 mAh g−1, respectively, with a Coulombic efficiency of 94.7%.
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