Combining global experience, comprehensive aging knowledge, and predictive methodologies provides ideal prerequisites for the long-term operation strategy (LTO) of a nuclear power plant (NPP). Applying management strategies with an understanding of the ways in which structures relevant for the plant safety perform and interact in their operating environments is of meaningful importance for operating the plant beyond its originally licensed service life. In performing aging studies on the nuclear systems, structure, and components (SSCs), the results are crucial for demonstrating the safety and reliability of the NPP beyond 30 years of nominal operation. In this study, the synergistic effect of a creep mechanism with the alteration suffered by piping material is analyzed by means of MSC©MARC finite element code. Nonlinear analyses were performed to calculate the effects of the long operational period on a primary pipe, assess its degradation, and determine its residual functionality. In these analyses, both homogeneous and inhomogeneous pipe wall thinning are considered, as well as the operating or expected thermal–mechanical loads. The obtained results indicate that thermo–mechanical loads are responsible for pipe deformation, which develops and increases as the transient progresses. Furthermore, an excessive (general or local) wall thinning may determine a dimensional change of the pipe, even causing bending or buckling.
Most of today's operating nuclear plants that were originally designed for 30 or 40-year life are facing the long-term operation issues. Therefore, it is of meaningful importance to assess the time-dependent degradation and the ageing of the relevant nuclear systems, structures, and components (SSCs) because of resulting loss of structural capacity. In this framework, the inverse method is implemented starting from temperatures at an accessible boundary, which are measured through a monitoring system. The reconstruction technique uses the elaborated signal provided by the monitoring system to determine temperature at inaccessible surface: this is the so-called inverse heat transfer problem (IHTP). The inverse space marching method is applied. Analytical and numerical studies are performed taking into account thermal transient conditions in order to determine thermal loads. In particular, the developed code demonstrates to be able to reconstruct temperature and stress profiles in any section of the pipe with a good accuracy. In addition, the thermal loads obtained suggest that the investigated transient condition is not able to jeopardise the integrity of NPP, confirming the possibility of the plant extension of life.
Today, 46% of operating Nuclear Power Plants (NPP) have a lifetime between 31 and 40 years, while 19% have been in operation for more than 40 years. Long Term Operation (LTO) is an urgent requirement for all of the nuclear industry. The aim of this study is to assess the performance of a reactor pressure vessel (RPV) subjected to a station blackout (SBO) event. Alterations suffered by the material properties and creep at elevated temperatures are considered. In this study, coupling between MELCOR and Finite Element Method (FEM) codes is carried out. In the Finite Element (FE) model, the combined effects of ageing and creep are implemented through degraded material properties and a viscoplastic model. The reliability of the model is validated by comparing the FOREVER/C1 experimental results. The results show that the RPV lower head bends downwards with a maximum radial expansion of about 260 mm and RPV thermomechanical properties are reduced by more than 50% at high temperatures. The effects of ageing, creep and long heat-up strongly affect the resistance of the RPV system until the point of compromising it in the absence of/delayed emergency intervention. Aged RPV at end-of-life may collapse earlier, and in less time, with the same accidental conditions.
Most of today’s operating nuclear plants that were originally designed for 30 or 40-year life are facing the long-term operation issues. Therefore, it is of meaningful importance to assess the time-dependent degradation and the ageing of the relevant nuclear systems, structures, and components (SSCs) because of resulting loss of structural capacity. In this framework, the inverse method is implemented starting from temperatures at an accessible boundary, which are measured through a monitoring system. The reconstruction technique uses the elaborated signal provided by the monitoring system to determine temperature at inaccessible surface: this is the so-called inverse heat transfer problem (IHTP). The inverse space marching method is applied. Analytical and numerical studies are performed taking into account thermal transient conditions in order to determine thermal loads. In particular, the developed code demonstrates to be able to reconstruct temperature and stress profiles in any section of the pipe with a good accuracy. In addition, the thermal loads obtained suggest that the investigated transient condition is not able to jeopardise the integrity of NPP, confirming the possibility of the plant extension of life.
Long Term Operation (LTO) of nuclear power plants (NPPs) will play a key role to reach net zero target. Monitoring and predictive approach detecting in advance faulty SCCs conditions may provide a further key tool in LTO framework. Detecting anomalies may allow the transition from time-based to condition-based predictive maintenance of the NNPs. Predictive algorithms could reduce the number of unplanned outages caused by reactor system failures (one-day outage of a 1000-MW NPPs causes losses of about 500 k$), improving the capacity factor, and keeping high safety margin level of NPPs. To this end, innovative approach by unsupervised machine learning technique (ML) is proposed to detect anomalies of SSCs. Based on principal component analysis and mahalanobis distance is possible to detect in advance the failure of the components. To the purpose a 2D digital twin of primary nuclear pipe under nominal conditions (inner temperature of 300° and an internal pressure of 15.5 MPa) is implemented in finite element code to provide a dataset for unsupervised ML code. The algorithm is then tested under anomaly pattern that deviate from nominal conditions. The results show good code prediction capabilities anticipating the pipe failure. Traditional monitoring combined with ML technique may support LTO program increasing the safety and competitiveness of NPPs.
The Long-Term Operation (LTO) process involves a full screening of structures, systems, and components (SSCs), for ageing assessment in order to verify their residual safety margin is still acceptable. At today, 46% of the operating Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) has lifetime between 31 and 40 years, while 19% is in operation since more than 40 years. LTO currently represents the highest priority for all the nuclear industry. To propose and plan suitable management strategies, first step is to intensify the efforts for studying phenomena that influence the performance of SSCs and, in turn, may threat the plant safe operation. This study deals with the investigation of the performance of a primary piping (Class 1 component of a 2nd Generation PWR) subjected to the effects of alteration of material properties as caused by ageing. In this study it is proposed a numerical investigation of a piping characterized by a complex geometry. Numerical analyses were performed by means of MSC©MARC FE code. The (quantitative) influence of ageing and corrosion processes onto bent pipe are so studied. Particularly, corrosion effects generated from an operation of beyond 35 years are considered. The methodology and results may have an influence on future issues about LTO of NPPs.
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