The effects of treadmill running on impact acceleration were examined together with the interaction between running surface and runner's fatigue state. Twenty recreational runners (11 men and 9 women) ran overground and on a treadmill (at 4.0 m/s) before and after a fatigue protocol consisting of a 30-minute run at 85% of individual maximal aerobic speed. Impact accelerations were analysed using two lightweight capacitive uniaxial accelerometers. A two-way repeated-measure analysis of variance showed that, in the pre-fatigue condition, the treadmill running decreased head and tibial peak impact accelerations and impact rates (the rate of change of acceleration), but no significant difference was observed between the two surfaces in shock attenuation. There was no significant difference in acceleration parameters between the two surfaces in the post-fatigue condition. There was a significant interaction between surface (treadmill and overground) and fatigue state (pre-fatigue and post-fatigue). In particular, fatigue when running overground decreased impact acceleration severity, but it had no such effect when running on the treadmill. The effects of treadmill running and the interaction need to be taken into account when interpreting the results of studies that use a treadmill in their experimental protocols, and when prescribing physical exercise.
Priego Quesada, J.I., Olaso Melis, J., Llana-Belloch, S., Pérez-Soriano, P., González García, J.C. & Sanchís Almenara, M. (2013). Padel: A Quantitative study of the shots and movements in the highperformance. J. Hum. Sport Exerc., 8(4), pp.925-931. Padel is a sport that has increasing its importance in recent years. Despite this evolution, there is a lack of scientific papers analyzing padel aspects, specifically about the quantification of movements and shots during match. The purpose of this study was to perform quantitative analyses of movements and shots in padel in order to establish the importance of each type. Twenty male professional players were recorded with a video during ten matches and movements (lateral, head-on and backward displacement, split-steps, jump for a smash, and turns pivoting on the right or left foot) and shots (direct and indirect drive, backhand, smash and lob, and direct volley) were identified, quantified and classified. A movement predominance was observed for the lateral displacement followed by head-on displacement and split-step. Direct volley (24.66%) and indirect lob (20.52%) were the most frequent shots, followed by direct smash (17.76%), indirect backhand (14.70%) and indirect drive (14.55%).
This study, with a top T-52 class athlete, determines the relationship between stroke frequency (SF) and push time (PT) and wheelchair velocity (Wv) using different handrim diameters (HD) and the effect of different HDs on the athlete's heart rate (HR) and blood lactate (LACT) at competition speeds. Wv shows a linear-direct relationship with SF but a linear-inverse relationship with PT (p < .001 in both cases). Using bigger handrims (0.37 m instead of 0.36 m), SF increases 6%, while PT decreases 27% (at 24 Km·h −1 ). HR (p < .0001) increases with Wv and is also affected by HD with differences between the 0.34 m-0.36 m handrim group (lower values) and the 0.37 m handrim (higher values). Significant interaction (p < .0001) is identified between HD and Wv. LACT results seem to follow the same direction as HR. This methodology helped the athlete to choose the optimum HD, and his achievements (some world records) indicate that HD optimization could be highly profitable in sport terms.Attaining peak performance in sports generally requires not only great care of many aspects in everyday life and an adequate planning of training but also constant work in optimizing small details that can often make the difference between real success and a good result. In wheelchair athletics, paying attention to the equipment, especially the wheelchair and its components, seems to be relevant, but research is actually more focused on mechanical efficiency in relation with the mechanical power that the athlete can produce, a great deal of which is lost (frequently more than 90%;
This article reviews existing knowledge concerning the epidemiology, instruments and regulatory criteria currently used to evaluate artificial turf soccer pitches. Recent years have seen tremendous growth in the use of artificial turf as a playing surface for sports (rugby, soccer, American football…) and the problems traditionally associated with artificial turf and its relationship with a higher percentage of injuries seem to be disappearing. The contribution of biomechanics to the development of new techniques and instruments for analysing the properties and characteristics of grass pitches has contributed towards close collaboration with the regulatory bodies of different sporting organisations to define standards and criteria that guarantee not only the safety of the sportsmen and women, but also ensure performance and entertainment. Absorption of impacts, friction and traction, abrasion and factors associated with the mobile element and its interaction with artificial turf are the properties evaluated using a wide range of methodologies and instruments. In this sense, instruments such as the "Artificial Athlete" and the "Stuttgart Skiddometer" have helped different standards (DIN, BSI, AENOR, AFNOR, FIFA…amongst others) to define criteria for the homologation of a certain artificial turf surfaces. Key words: Artificial turf, Epidemiology, Biomechanics, Regulation, Football.Reference Data: Pérez-Soriano P, Llana-Belloch S, Cortell-Tormo JM, Pérez-Turpin JA. Biomechanical factors to be taken into account to prevent injuries and improve sporting performance on artificial turf.
Performing Arts Medicine is a broad field that includes the study of medical conditions and injuries incurred by dancers, instrument musicians and vocalists. Musicians' playing-related health problems have focused more and more the interest of scientists, researchers, physicians, physiotherapists and, in generally, of health care professionals during the last decades. The most relevant Performing Arts Medicine's literature of approximately the past twenty years has been summarized. Special attention has been given to studies concerning playing-related musculoskeletal conditions of musicians. Overuse syndrome is the most reported diagnosis among instrumental musicians suffering from playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs), despite the fact that epidemiologic rates of PRMDs among woodwind, brass and percussion musicians seem to variate widely. An unambiguous definition of specific PRMDs seems to be more and more necessary, and would permit subsequent studies not to be excluded in the data collection of further systematic reviews. In conclusion, in order to change musicians atrisk behaviours a significant mind-changing is necessary and prevention should be considered as a living matter. Health care professional should also represent an important stream to make aware musicians about PRMDs and pain management.
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