This paper proposes the application of the Double Pulse Potential Chronoamperometry (DPPC) technique to modify the ITO electrode surface in order to increase the electrode activity for chlorophenol detection. This technique consists in the application of two sets of potential pulses (anodic and cathodic). We used Ni-triethylenediamine as the electrode-modifying agent. We characterized the modified electrodes using SEM and Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), and determining the amount of film immobilized over the electrode area. We also applied CV to detect 2,4-dichlorophenol using the chemically modified electrodes (CMEs). The application of DPPC led to CMEs with a higher capacity to detect 2,4-DCP than that of the CMEs obtained by Chemisorption and CV.
The use of additives in the formulation of the active material of the negative plate (NAM) of lead-acid batteries has proven to be fundamental for their adequate performance and extended life-time. This research work presents a new methodology for evaluating additive effects using carbon paste composite electrodes. The performance of the composite electrodes was evaluated through cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry. A protocol for the construction and evaluation of the NAM carbon paste electrodes was developed, which could be use to compare different commercial additives. The size of the working electrodes prepared in this work reduces in an important manner the evaluation time of such materials, opening the opportunity to perform testing and selection of additives in times which are much more in accordance to industry requirements.
One of the main failure modes in Lead-Acid Batteries (LAB) is corrosion at the positive plate. This problem has increased significantly the number of warranty claims, becoming a significant loss for this industry. Attempts to prevent corrosion in LABs include the application coatings of metallic oxides in the positive plate. In this work the use of tin and PbO2 as anti-corrosion coatings is explored. The coatings were prepared by electroless deposition and electrodeposition using current pulses. Corrosion rate of grid samples was determined, with and without coating, from Tafel plots. It was found that electrodeposited tin coated grids had the highest corrosion inhibition. On the other hand, electroless tin deposits had the lowest corrosion inhibition activity showing a higher corrosion rate than the uncoated alloy.
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