The Mediterranean stone pine, Pinus pinea L., seems to be well adapted to the different climate zones of its distribution range that spans four thousand kilometres along the Northern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. But recent molecular studies revealed it to be extremely genetically depauperate for a widespread tree. In this context, a provenances trial should elucidate whether any differentiation in adaptative traits can be identified between 34 accessions covering its natural range. The presence of strong spatial autocorrelations throughout four test sites required iterative nearest-neighbours adjustments in their statistical analysis. No significant differences in survival or ontogeny were found between accessions, while height growth was slightly though significantly more vigorous in northern or inland provenances. But these differences were masked by a common, stable reaction norm in dependence on site and microsite. On the other hand, its strong developmental plasticity allows the stone pine to delay the heteroblastic phase change in order to survive in unfavourable conditions, a clear advantage in the limiting and unpredictable environments of Mediterranean ecosystems.
In the last decade, forestry policies in Spain have undergone changes needed to comply with the European and world directives on forest conservation. The elaboration of strategic plans has to take into account the State organization (Central and Autonomous Regional Governments share the responsibilities), resulting in agreed documents, effective at a national level and fulfilling the peculiarities and aspirations of each region. The most recent development has been the elaboration of a Strategy for Conservation and Sustainable Use of Forest Genetic Resources, which can be seen as a consequence of, among other factors, the implementation of the Spanish Strategy for Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity along with Spain's participation in the European Forest Genetic Resources Programme. This document arose from the lack of approaches to the conservation of population diversity of forest species in the current policies, and as a means to promote and coordinate activities on conservation and use of genetic resources.The Strategy has been arranged through a participative process involving the Forest Administration, Research Centres and Universities. The document includes a definition of priorities and proposals of activities, which are mainly focused on optimising the efficiency of existing tools and infrastructures and on increasing synergy among different initiatives. Implementation of the Strategy is expected to occur through the development of National Action Plans. Finally, coordination mechanisms must be enhanced in order to maintain the levels of cooperation achieved during the elaboration process.Key words: National Strategy, Genetic Resources, Forest Policy, Spain, Europe. Resumen Estrategia para la Conservación y Uso Sostenible de los Recursos Genéticos Forestales en EspañaDurante la última década se han producido importantes cambios en la política forestal española relacionados con la adaptación a las directivas tanto europeas como internacionales en materia de conservación de bosques. La elaboración de planes estratégicos tiene que tener en cuenta la organización del Estado donde Gobierno Central y Comunidades Autónomas comparten responsabilidades. Los documentos generados tienen que resultar efectivos a nivel nacional pero también atender a las necesidades y aspiraciones de cada región. Recientemente se ha elaborado la Estrategia Española para la Conservación y Uso Sostenible de los Recursos Genéticos Forestales, que puede contemplarse como consecuencia, entre otros factores, del desarrollo de la Estrategia Española para la Conservación y el Uso Sostenible de la Biodiversidad, junto con la participación española en el Programa Europeo de Recursos Genéticos Forestales. La Estrategia surge como consecuencia de la carencia de iniciativas para la conservación de la diversidad de las poblaciones de especies forestales en las recientes políticas del sector, e intenta promover y coordinar actividades relacionadas con la conservación y uso de los recursos genéticos. El documento ha sido consen...
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